S2K 1 Field Training

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S2K1 Field Training Spring 2001
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FAR 121 Air Safety PAD

• Operational Responsibility shared by
• Pilots
• ATC
• Dispatchers
• Enhancing Aviation Safety Through Collaboration

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Basic Foundation

• As stated in the FARs, the aircraft dispatcher
  and pilot in command are jointly
  responsible for planning around and
  avoiding known or forecasted weather
  phenomena that may affect the safety of
  flight.

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Basic Foundation

• The FAA through the traffic management system, is
  responsible for balancing air traffic demand with
  system capacity to ensure a safe and efficient
  flow of traffic and not for rerouting aircraft
  around weather.
• Because severe weather often creates actual or
  anticipated volume and complexity concerns, the
  FAA has the responsibility during or in
  anticipation of severe weather to
  address those concerns by use of traffic
  management initiatives.

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Airline Operations Centers
A Focus on Flight Dispatch and the AOC Strategic
Planning Team
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AOC Overview

• Operational Responsibility
• Operational Philosophy
• Dispatch Functions
• Computer Capability
• Aircraft Situation Display
• AOC Strategic Planning Team

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Operational Responsibility

• Assure Safe Flight Operations
• Efficient Operational Procedures
• Enhanced Communication Techniques
• Redundancy
• Information Exchange

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Operational Philosophy

• Air Carriers maintain safe operational control by
  pilot dispatcher joint responsibility
  (FAR 121.533 121.535)
• Dispatch Pilot contract
• Dispatch pre-flight planning
• Dispatch in-flight responsibilities

• Shared Responsibility

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Dispatch Functions

• Pre-Flight Planning
• Flight Plan Calculation
• Fuel Computation (FAR 121.639)
• Flight Routing (FAR 121.609)
• Weather Avoidance (FAR 121.601)
• Cancellation or Delay Decisions (FAR 121.533
  121.535)
• Aircraft Performance (FAR 121.171 through
  121.197)

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Dispatch Functions

• Destination Specifications (FAR 121.619)
• Alternate Airport Specifications (FAR 121.625)
• Inoperative Aircraft Items (FAR 121.628)
• Government Regulations (FARs)
• Company Policies (FAA approved Operations
  Manual)
• Company Business Objectives (Economics)

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Dispatch Functions

• Flight Plan Calculation initiates the Release
  process
• Original Flight Release is the dispatchers plan
  of operation
• Pilot reviews the Release
• Flight is authorized to depart once Release is
  signed by the pilot and dispatcher signifying
  their agreement (FAR 121.593 121.595)

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Dispatch Functions

• In-flight Responsibilities
• Weather updates and flight plan re-analysis (FAR
  121.601)
• Mechanical Irregularities
• Medical Emergencies
• Aircraft Emergencies
• Monitor Flight Progress (FAR 121.533)
• Information Updates (FAR 121.601)
• Re-dispatch

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Dispatch Functions

• Communications
• Constant communication availability (FAR 121.99)
• Normal flight operations
• Irregular flight operations

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Computer Capability

• Computer systems have all essential dispatch
  functions integrated
• Administrative and supervisory
• support functions
• Operational dispatch functions

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Computer Capability

• Operational Dispatch Functions
• Textual Weather
• Icing Turbulence Reports
• Runway Analysis
• Aircraft Routing
• Inoperative Aircraft Components (MEL/CDL
  Items)
• Weight Balance

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Computer Capability

• Operational Dispatch Functions
• Release and Flight Plan

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Computer Capability

• Operational Dispatch Functions
• Monitoring the Progress of Flight (FAR 121.533
  121.535)
• Airport Arrival Constraints
• Diversion Event Recovery Planning

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Computer Capability

• Weather Products Available
• Airline Dispatchers Federation (ADF) Web site
• Airline Meteorology Departments
• National Weather Service

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Aircraft Situation Display

• Features
• National Composite Weather Radar Base Map
• Meteorology Products
• Customized Data Tags
• Route Depictions
• Navigation Aids
• Arrival Fixes
• ARTCC Boundaries
• Code Share Aircraft (if applicable)

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Aircraft Situation Display

• Functionality
• Preflight Weather Avoidance Planning

Preferred Route
SPT Collaborative Route
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Aircraft Situation Display

• Functionality
• En Route Weather Avoidance Planning

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Strategic Planning Team

• PROBLEM
• Until the spring of 2000, the National Airspace
  System (NAS) was operated under one set of rules
  irrespective of severe weather activity or other
  limitations to the system.
• Limited collaboration on re-routes
• Equitable access to the NAS broke down during
  severe weather events.
• 1999 ATA estimated the cost of NAS delays to the
  airlines and their customers was more than 5
  billion.

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Strategic Planning Team

• OBJECTIVE
• Develop a set of guidelines which govern air
  traffic operations when the system cannot deliver
  routine, consistent services due to significant
  weather activity.
• The guidelines for severe weather events will
  provide a level of NAS predictability that will
  enhance safety while preserving efficiency and
  equability.
• Predictability is the key element in preserving
  safety and efficiency during SWAP.

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Strategic Planning Team

• COLLECTIVE MANDATE
• (ATC Airlines)
• Develop a new set of collaborative
  rules-of-the-road
• which govern air traffic operations during
  severe
• weather and/or heavy traffic events to

• Maximize use of NAS resources
• Allow airlines to operate within their own
  capabilities and economic objectives
• Exchange information to build collaborative
  solutions to constraint problems

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Strategic Planning Team

• AIR CARRIER MANDATE
• Implement a formal process to enhance
  collaboration within the AOC and between the
  airline and ATC
• Develop a team of AOC specialists to closely work
  with the FAA to better manage system traffic
  flows during constraining events.
• The team of AOC specialists will be the Strategic
  Planning Team (SPT).
• The SPTs mission is to make strategic,
  collaborative decisions which meet the operating
  goals of the airline during constraining events.

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Strategic Planning Team

• OBJECTIVES OF THE AOC SPT
• Create a daily strategic plan of operations based
  on known or forecasted events two to six hours in
  the future which will allow the airline to safely
  and reliably achieve its operating goals
• Collaborate with Air Traffic Control
• Provide analysis to critique and improve
  current procedures

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Strategic Planning Team

• OBJECTIVES OF THE AOC SPT
• (continued)
• Provide support for
• AOC tactical ATC operation
• Provide a plan for hub diversion recovery
• Establish maintain open lines of
  communications to all airline facilities
  during the planning process and actual event.

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Strategic Planning Team

• OBJECTIVES OF THE AOC SPT
• (continued)
• When subject to system constraints that produce
  delays, cancellations, diversions, etc., the AOC
  SPT will base decisions on
• Optimizing system completion factor
• Optimizing system on-time performance
• Maintaining domestic international connection
  integrity
• Maintaining bank integrity
• Maintaining Customer First initiatives

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Strategic Planning Team

• LIMITING OPERATIONAL DISRUPTIONS
• There are three very disruptive traffic
  management initiatives that adversely impact
  airports
• Ground Stop
• Ground Delay Program
• Departure Stop

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Strategic Planning Team

• SPT TIMELINE
• Strategic Planning
• 1000z National Weather Telcon
• 1115z Initial SPO published by
  ATCSCC
• Airlines develop strategy
  using CCFP, Playbook, and Initial SPO
• 1215z Conduct strategic planning
  telcon
• (ATCSCC, ARTCC, Airlines)
• Airline ATC route coordination
• 1230-1245z Issue updated SPO
• Airline conducts internal SPO
  briefing
• 1300z SPT repeats process

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Strategic Planning Team

• SWAP TIMELINE
• Tactical Planning
• Event -
• Flow Constrained Areas (FCA) User
  Hotline
• Adjustments within event
  Telcons
• Recovery
  Diversion Recovery
• Day 1 Analysis
  Post Analysis

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Strategic Planning Team

• RESOLVING OPERATIONAL DISRUPTIONS
• During constraining events, the AOC SPT will
  attempt to
• Limit outbound and inbound delays at the hubs to
  an Air Carrier determined maximum time value
• Plan maximum out/off time to an Air Carrier
  determined maximum time value based on known or
  anticipated wheels-up times during a Ground Delay
  Program

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Strategic Planning Team

• THREE AIR TRANSPORT ASSOCIATION OPERATIONS
  COORDINATORS AT ATCSCC
• Principle Objectives
• Monitor the National Traffic Management
  Environment and take action for the member
  airlines benefit.
• Ensure that member airlines perspective is
  considered.
• Host daily ATA member telcons to gain consensus
  on operational plan.
• Assist member airlines personnel in fostering a
  productive and effective relationship with ATCSCC
  personnel.
• Provide resource to ATCSCC management on industry
  specifics (Operational Control, Airline
  Structure, etc.)

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Strategic Planning Team

• AOC SPT TOOLS AVAILABLE
• Automated Radar Terminal System (ARTS)
• Aircraft Situation Display (ASD)
• Flight Schedule Monitor (FSM)
• Sector Management Tool (SMT)
• Center Tracon Automation System (CTAS)
• Common Constraint Situation Display (CCSD)
• ATCSCC Web site

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Strategic Planning Team

• AOC SPT COMMUNICATIONS PLAN
• Initiate a communications process within the Air
  Carrier which will facilitate the effective
  implementation and execution of the SPTs
  strategic plan of operations.

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Summary

• Airline Operations Centers, Flight Dispatch, and
  the AOC SPT enhance the safety and operational
  effectiveness of an Air Carriers flight
  operations.
• Collaboration is essential to manage air traffic
  in the saturated NAS.
• Commitment to continuous improvement through
  advanced technology, joint training,
  and collaboration.

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