Title: Irvind S. Ghai
1VOP Anywhere Everywhere
Presented by
Irvind S. Ghai Director, VOP Asia-Pacific Broadban
d Communications Group, Texas Instruments
2VOP Anywhere Everywhere .
- Background Evolution
- Product Deployment
- Industry Trends
- Solution Differentiators
- Summary
3VOP Anywhere Everywhere .
- Background Evolution
- Product Deployment
- Industry Trends
- Solution Differentiators
- Summary
4The Evolution of VoIP
Wi-Fi IP Phones
Wi-Fi
WAN
VoIP gateway/PBX
Voice gateway
PSTN
MOBILE Wi-Fi IP Phones
Analog phones
Cellular
5State of the VoIP Union
- Worldwide broadband usage increasing
- Availability of consumer VoIP services
- VoIP infrastructure in place
- Spotlight on VoIP regulation
250 200 150 100 50 0
249.0
220.2
195.9
169.1
133.5
In Millions
99.4
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
In-Stat/MDR, 2003
6Technology Advances Enable VoIP Market
Micro Processor
DSP Micro Processor Subsystem
DSP
FPGA
Tomorrow 1 Chip For VoIP And W-iFi
Single-Chip VoIP Processor
Line Codec
Ethernet Switch
Ethernet Switch
Ethernet MAC/Phy
Ethernet MAC/Phy
2002 3 Chips
2004 1 Chip
Tomorrow 1 Chip
2000 6 Chips
BOM
7Integration of VoIP
with Broadband, Wireless and Consumer Electronics
Anywhere
Any network
True mobility. With VoIP, thats now possible.
Any device
Anytime
8What You Need to Know About TI and VoIP
- 80 market share
- Over 200 customers
- Extensive history
- Expertise in DSP Telogy Networks
- Solutions for all VoIP applications
- Complete broadband portfolio
- Voice over cable, DSL, Wi-Fi
IP phone
Residential gateway
Enterprise gateway
Infrastructure equipment
9VOP Anywhere Everywhere .
- Background Evolution
- Product Deployment
- Industry Trends
- Solution Differentiators
- Summary
10Total VoIP IC RevenueForecast 2002-2007
120,000 100,000 80,000 60,000 40,000 20,000 10,000
0
160,000 140,000 120,000 100,000 80,000 60,00
0 40,000 20,000 0
US in Thousands
Ports in Thousands
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Shipments (Units - K)
Revenue (US - K)
Source In-Stat/MDR 11/03
11Installed Port Base Carriers
- Huawei has 8M installed ports, ZTE has 0.5M,
UTSI data is not available - Data Source Dittberner
12VOP Anywhere Everywhere .
- Background Evolution
- Product Deployment
- Industry Trends
- Solution Differentiators
- Summary
13VoIP Market Trends 5 years
Infrastructure
Enterprise
Voice
- 40 of enterprise phones are IP phones
- 60 of enterprises have a VoIP gateway
- 70 of PBXs will be IP-based
- 40 of inter-office voice will be packet
- Over 120M VoIP ports will ship annually
Voice
Consumer
Services Revenue Payback 300/Subscriber 6-18
months Source Nortel, VON-E 2004
- Over 10M consumer handsets with VoWLAN
- 15 of households will regularly use VoIP
14VoIP Trends
- Security
- SRTP, IPSEC viable candidates going forward
- Requires more processing power per channel
- Wireless LAN
- Business office applications
- Consumer opportunities in Asia/Japan
- Issues remaining
- Roaming impact
- QOS
- Merging of wireless IP and cell phones
15VoIP Trends
- Codecs
- Migration to common codecs for wireline and
wireless systems - Wideband AMR is both a 3G and ITU standard
- EVRC and SMV-capable gateways to remove
transcoding requirements - Video
- Simple snapshot features to evolve into full
motion - Business driver -- videoconferencing on the phone
- Consumer rollout is tied to cellular rollout
- Gateways need to transcode Internet standards to
cellular standards
16VOP Anywhere Everywhere .
- Background Evolution
- Product Deployment
- Industry Trends
- Solution Differentiators
- Quality Monitoring
- Handling Echo
- Summary
17Quality Monitoring for VoIP
- What happens if it doesnt sound good.
- Telephony tools support production lab testing
- LAN, packet network tools dont capture voice QoS
problems - Results hurt
- Market penetration
- Network managers ability to support service
- Carriers ability to assure quality
- Manufacturers ability to defend products
QoS
Voice
18Causes of Quality Degradation
- Causes processing, accumulation, network
transmission - Mitigation efficient gateway design, network
design
Echo
- Causes poor cancellation solution
- Mitigation robust canceller design, network
planning
Jitter
- Causes packet network behavior
- Mitigation adaptive buffer management
Packet Loss
- Causes jitter buffer overload, bit error,
processing overload - Mitigation PLC algorithms in vocoder
implementation
Equipment Faults/Failures
- Causes power outages, equipment performance
issues - Mitigation fault monitoring reports, alarms
19Voice Quality Monitoring
- Passive Monitoring
- Non-Intrusive
- Metrics calculation on live calls
- Active Monitoring
- Intrusive
- Metrics calculation on test calls
Port Mirroring
QoS Monitoring Station
Probe
Switch
Reportingprotocol
Gateway
IP Phone
Simulated traffic
Phone
20Passive Monitoring
QoS Monitor
QoS Domain
QoS Domain
VoIP End-Point
DSP
RTCP
EP
EmbeddedSoftware
EP
MonitoringSoftware
DSP
21Passive Monitoring
PBX
Phone
Gateway
Reports
RTP
OfficeNetwork
Phone
Gateway
PC
IP phone
PacketNetwork
Phone
Gateway
PBX
NMS
Phone
BB modem
Call server
OfficeNetwork
PC
IP phone
22- Comprehensive QoS monitoring and management is
required for VoIP - Techniques and standards exist
- VoIP equipment needs to include monitoring and
measurement elements - Comprehensive statistics must be available in
gateways and IP phones - Embedded passive monitoring probes and RTCP are a
must
QoS
23Echo
- Two major types of echo problems
Line Echo
Line echo is typically associated with VoIP
gateways
Acoustic Echo
Acoustic echo is typically associated with IP
phones
24Line Echo Source
Echo reflected by the hybrid located in a
residential GW
Gateway
Gateway
IP Network
2 to 4 wire hybrids echo is created in the near
end gateway largely due to dissipation in the
hybrid. This echo would be transmitted to the
far end without a quality Line Echo Canceller
(LEC).
25Important EC Attributes
- Convergence time (initial/updates) time to
train on the echo - Magnitude of the combined loss
- Convergence on narrowband signals (e.g., DTMF
tones) - Double talk detection
- Performance with high background noise can
cause instability and loss of echo cancellation
26TI Line EC Testing
- Passed ATTs Voice Quality Assessment Lab
certification - Over 140 test cases
- Automated G.168 testing (head acoustics
equipment) - Manual testing (TAS, GLCom, various hybrid models)
27Line Echo Conclusions
- Line Echo Cancellation (LEC) is a difficult
problem to solve - TIs LEC offers world-class performance
- TIs LEC is widely deployed and field-hardened
with many years of experience
28Acoustic Echo Cancellation
Acoustic Echo
- Acoustic Echo
- Echo from sound that comes out of a speaker and
is reflected back to the microphone - Nature of Acoustic Echo
- Changing echo path (people come in/out of room,
move around) - Dependent on factors like room size (affects tail
length) - Frequency dependence of speaker and microphone
- Environmental Challenges
- VoIP network delay and jitter
- Competing for processor resources in VoIP
solution
29Canceling Acoustic Echo
Acoustic Echo Cancellation
- Need Adaptive Filtering
- Estimating/predicting echo
- Removing echo
- Use Nonlinear Processing (NLP) to cancel residual
echo and to generate comfort noise (CNG) - Required for Full Duplex Speakerphone (FDX)
30Design Elements
- Quality enclosure design factors
- Speaker and microphone
- Selection
- Location
- Mounting
- Frequency response
- Quality analog front end components
- A-to-D and D-to-A components
- Programmable gain amplifier
- Quality of workmanship
- Ability to replicate products in the
manufacturing process
31Speakerphone Challenges
- Background noise
- Unbalanced speech levels
- Doubletalk
- Echo path changes
- Non-linear distortion (speaker microphone)
- Mechanical problems
- Electric coupling
- Speaker volume
32Software Enhancement Methods
- The following software techniques can be used to
optimize speakerphone performance - Automatic gain control
- Automatic level control
- Noise reduction
- Speaker equalization
- Comfort noise generation
- Software techniques cannot guarantee true
full-duplex operation with a bad enclosure design!
33Acoustic Echo Conclusions
- Full-duplex speakerphone performance will be hard
to accomplish unless the AEC can provide stable
and steady convergence under a variety of
environmental conditions - A quality enclosure and the selection of quality
analog front end components are key to
full-duplex IP speakerphone performance - TI provides world-class AEC and related subject
matter expertise designed to help customers
succeed in IP speakerphone applications
34VOP Anywhere Everywhere .
- Background Evolution
- Product Deployment
- Industry Trends
- Solution Differentiators
- Summary
35TI Vision Ubiquitous VoIP
- VoIP is more than a replacement for traditional
telephony - VoIP capability can be incorporated into any
connected device - VoIP is changing how and where we communicate
Reduced Cost
The future called. TI answered.