SCALE-UP

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SCALE-UP
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Scale-up is the complex of techniques and
methodologies employed to transfer to the
production scale a fermentation process developed
on a smaller scale.
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• Not necessarily a one-way procedure---from small
  to large
• In practice the complex nature of the processes
  involved requires a scale-down operation to
  obtain an additional information
• Scale-down is a basic part of any scale-up
  procedure.

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• Scale-up is a highly interdisciplinary task ,
  requiring the combined and integrated use of
  concepts and methodologies of both chemical
  engineering and living cell physiology
• There is no unique and universal scale-up
  procedure, as each process is likely to present
  its own peculiarities and difficulties

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Effects of Fermentation Scale

• Most results of scale have been obtained with
  series of geometrically similar
  fermenters------vessels whose linear dimensions
  stand in the same ratios to each other on the
  different scales

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Parameters affected by scale

• Number of generations
• Development of procedures
• Sterilization of culture medium
• Aeration and agitation
• Heat transfer

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Number of generations

• The number of generations required to achieve a
  given final biomass concentration x is obviously
  a function of fermenter volume.