Bulk Power Transmission in India

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Welcome
POWERGRID
Bulk Power Transmission in India Issues,
Challenges and Technology Options
Theme Paper
VK Prasher Executive Director Power Grid
Corporation of India Ltd vkprasher_at_powergridindia.
com vkprasher_at_yahoo.com
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Topics

• Evolution of Indian Power System
• Indian Power Scenario
• National Grid
• Transmission System Requirements
• Issues and Approach
• Technology Options

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Evolution of Indian Power Grid

• Phenomenal expansion since independence
• Generation 1349 MW 1,11,500 MW
• (in 1947) (in 2003)
• Grid
• Local grid at the time of independence.
• State Grids emerged in 1960s.
• Regional Grids in 1970s.
• Five Regional Grids Northern, Western,
  Southern, Eastern North-eastern
• National Grid under progress.

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POWERGRID
Thank You
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Present Power Supply Scenario

• Installed capacity - 104,500 MW
• Coal 71
• Hydro 25
• Nuclear others 4
• Peak demand
• Peak power - 81,555 MW
• Energy (average) - 1430 MU/day
• Availability
• Peak power - 71,260 MW
• Energy (average) - 1325 MU/day
• Shortage
• Peak power - 10,300 MW (12.6)
• Energy - 107 MU/day (7.5)

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Power Sector demarcated in five regions
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Existing Transmission System

• Figs. are in ckt. km
• State Central Total
  (POWERGRID)
• HVDC 1,504 3,532 4,836
• 800 KV 400
  550 950
• 400 kV 13,000
  32,500 45,500
• 220/132 kV 2,06,000
  9000 2,15,000
• Application of State-of-the-art technologies -
  HVDC bipole,
• HVDC back-to-back, SVC, Series Compensation,
  FACTS etc.
• Application of improved OM technologies
  Hotline maintenance, Emergency Restoration
  System, Thermovision scanning etc.

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Recently Commissioned Major Links

• Talcher Kolar HVDC bipole line
• Capacity 2000 MW , Distance 1400 kms one of
  the longest line - Inter-connecting Eastern to
  Southern region - Commissioned 9 months ahead of
  schedule
• ER-WR Synchronous Inter Connection (Through
  Raipur Rourkela 400 kV D/c line)
• First major synchronous line inter-connecting two
  big regions WR 30,000 MW and ER 15,000 MW
• With this link power system of 48,000 MW is
  running in synchronous mode.

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Talcher-Kolar and Raipur-Rourkela
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Capacity Addition Programme

• Goal Power on Demand by 2012
• Capacity Addition 100,000 MW in next 10 years
• 2006-07 - 45,000 MW
• 2011-012 - 55,000 MW
• Future Power Supply Scenario

Peak Demand (MW) Installed Capacity (MW)
Present 81,555 104,500
2006-07 115,000 149,500
2011-12 157,000 204,500
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Growth of Cumulative capacity of Inter-regional
links
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Plan for National Grid

• Phase 1 Already completed
• Interconnection of Regional Grids through HVDC
  Back-to-Back links having cumulative capacity of
  5000 MW Already Completed
• Phase 2 Partly completed
• Hybrid system comprising of high capacity HVDC
  and HVAC lines (both 765 kV and 400 kV)
• Most of transmission lines would be part of
  associated transmission system of large sized
  generation project.
• Cumulative inter-regional capacity would be
  23,000 MW
• Phase 3 to be completed by 2012
• Ring of 765 kV transmission lines
  inter-connecting ER, WR and NR
• Cumulative caapcity would be 30,000 MW

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HVDC and FACTS (After 2002)

• HVDC Schemes
• 2000 MW HVDC Bipole between Talcher in Eastern
  Region and Kolar in Southern Region Already
  commissioned in 2002
• 2nd 500 MW HVDC back-to-back at Gazuwaka
  interconnecting Eastern Region and Southern
  Region Scheduled by March, 2005
• 2500 MW HVDC Bipole between Balia and Bhiwadi in
  Northern Region Scheduled in 2009-10
• FACTS Scheme
• TCSC (40 fixed plus 5-15 variable) on existing
  Rourkela Raipur 400 kV D/c line Completed,
  testing under progress
• TCSC (40 fixed plus 5-15 variable) on
  Purnea-Muzaffarpur and Muzaffarpur-Gorakhpur 400
  kV D/c line Scheduled for commissioning by
  June, 2006

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Transmission System Requirements

• Low cost to consumer
• The transmission system should be suitable for an
  evolving system and allow implementation in
  stages
• It should meet system requirements regarding
  active and reactive power in the face of
  variation in load demand and following
  contingencies.

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Transmission System Requirements

• The evolved system should have long term
  suitability and should not be too expensive
  initially or become redundant in future.
• It should meet Availability / Reliability
  requirements even when other elements in the
  system are out within limits.

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Issues and Effects
ROW Constraint
Uncertainty in addition of generation
Bulk Power Long Distance Lines
Staging New Technologies
Reactive Power Planning
Stability
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Issues and Approach

• Utilization of existing resources to the maximum
  extent
• upgradation of voltages
• replacement with high capacity / HVDC lines
• Operation at high temperature

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Issues and Approach

• Transmission of bulk power over long distances
  over time
• Long bulk power transmission lines 400 kV, 800
  kV ac, HVDC etc.
• staging - Use of modular / multi-terminal HVDC
  systems
• reactive power control

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Issues and Approach

• Severe Right of Way constraints
• Use of compact lines
• Upgradation of voltage rating of existing lines
• Re-conductoring
• Multicircuit lines
• Use of high voltage / HVDC lines
• Dynamic Thermal Circuit Rating

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Issues and Approach

• Uncertainty in generation, Open market
• Matching Transmission Lines
• Greater change of flow reactive power support
• Staging may be essential
• Modular constructions

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Issues and Approach

• Inter area oscillations, Stability
• Unified Load Dispatch Systems
• Controlled exchange of power
• Steady state and dynamic reactive power support
• Free governor, PSS tuning

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Technology Options

• FACTS
• TCSC
• SVC
• STATCOM
• UPFC

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Technology Options

• HVDC systems
• Long distance bulk power systems
• Back-to-Back systems
• Multi-terminal schemes
• Voltage Source Converters
• Unit schemes, transformer less schemes etc.
• Tapping of power

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Technology Options

• 800, 1100 kV ac lines
• High temperature conductors
• Dynamic shunt reactors
• Dynamic Thermal Circuit Rating

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Thank you