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MODALS

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MODALS-Does not change by any person.-Never are followed of TO. ( TO CAN)-Only are present except can could MODALS OF ABILITY To express ability we can use: Can / be ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: MODALS


1
MODALS
-Does not change by any person. -Never are
followed of TO. ( TO CAN) -Only are present
except can
could
2
MODALS OF ABILITY
  • To express ability we can use
  • Can / be able to (is a semimodal since it can
    conjugate)
  • Could
  • EX You CAN it ravioli if you like pasta.
  • (Puedes comer ravioles si te gusta la
    pasta)
  • She COULD run fast when she was a child.
  • (Ella podía correr rápido cuando era una
    niña)

3
MODALS OF PERMISSION, POLITE REQUEST
  • These are used for interrogative sentences.
  • There are three possibilities
  • (?) Can (informal).
  • (?) Could (formal).
  • (?) May (more formal)
  • Ex CAN you call me tonight?
  • COULD you help me with the suitcases?
  • MAY I join this team?

4
MODALS OF ADVICE
  • These three modals we use when we want to give
    advice
  • Should / ought to (deberías)
    should is the most used
  • Shouldnt (no deberías)
  • EX You SHOULD /OUGHT TO improve your
    pronunciation.
  • You SHOULDNT go out this night.

5
MODALS OF OBLIGATION
  • These modals are only used with the present time
  • Must (debes) people with authority use
    it.
  • Have to (tienes que) everybody can use it.
    (is a semimodal ,like be able to ,since it can
    conjugate)
  • We also have NEED TO, that is not a modal but is
    used in affirmative like HAVE TO, and it express
    obligation and necessity.
  • EX You MUST bring your books to class.
  • I HAVE TO buy the tickets today.

6
MODALS OF PROHIBITION
  • To ban something we use
  • Mustnt (no debes)
  • EX You MUSTNT exceed the speed limit.
  • (No debes pasarte del limite de velocidad)

7
MODALS OF LACK OF OBLIGATION
  • To express something that is not necessary, we
    use
  • Dont /doesnt have to (no es necesario que)
  • Neednt (no necesito).
  • EX On Sunday I DONT HAVE TO get up early.
  • You NEEDNT bring anything to the party.

8
MODALS OF POSSIBILITY
  • We use them to express possibility
  • Might (- probable) pudiera ser que
  • Could ( probable) podría ser

  • quizás
  • May ( probable) tal vez
  • puede
    que
  • Can ( probable)
  • EX It MAY / MIGHT rain tomorrow.
  • I CAN meet you later.

9
Modals of positive deduction
  • To show that something is true we will use
  • Must.
  • EX she got a great job. She MUST be very happy.
  • Modals of imposibility
  • To expresss that something is impossible we will
    use
  • Cant (no puede)
  • EX I CANT eat a whole cake by myself.

10
For offerings and suggestions
  • To offer something we can use
  • Would
  • Shall
  • Can
  • EX You CAN eat ravioli if you like pasta.
  • Would you like something to drink?
  • Shall I help you with your homework?

11
MODALS PERFECTS
  • MUST HAVE P.P.(3ª columna)
  • It expresses a logical conclusion about a past
    event.
  • Ex He must have spent all his money.
  • He hasnt got any money left.
  • MAY/ MIGHT HAVE P.P.
  • It is used to make a assumption about something
    on the past.
  • Ex She may/ might have taken the wrong bus.

12
  • COULD HAVE P.P.
  • It shows ability to do something in the past
    which in the end was not done.
  • Ex He could have broken his leg.
  • COULDNT HAVE P.P.
  • It shows certainty that something did not happen.
  • EX Ela couldnt have broken the vase, She wasnt
    at home.

13
  • WOULD HAVE P.P.
  • It shows desire to do something in the past which
    in fact could not be done.
  • Ex I would have gone to the party but I was too
    busy.
  • SHOULD/ OUGHT TO HAVE P.P.
  • It shows criticism or regret after an event.
  • EX You should have told me earlier.

14
  • SHOULDNT HAVE P.P.
  • It shows criticism or regret after an event.
  • Ex I shouldnt have drunk so much.
  • NEEDNT HAVE P.P.
  • It expresses an unnecessary past action.
  • Ex She neednt have bought anything.

15
  • HAD BETTER/ SHOULD
  • It is a very colloquial way of expressing what we
    think should be done.
  • -Afirmative after the subject we put
  • Had better infinitive es mejor que
    subjunctive
  • -Negative after the subject we put
  • Had better not infinitive
  • -There are not interrogatives sentences.
  • It also has a other use than SHOULD and which is
    also used to express a warning and means Será
    mejor, más vale que Ex You had better tidy
    your room now!
  • You had better not take my
    car!

16
Choose the best modal
  • Its Jennys birthday next week. We
    shouldnt/couldnt forget to buy her a nice
    present.
  • Shouldnt
  • This is number 11 Chelsea Road, so we
    cant/arent able to be far from Helens house.
    She lives at number 14.
  • Cant
  • In many countries, you could/must be at least 18
    to buy alcoholic drinks.
  • Must
  • I cant/neednt go to the club tonight because I
    promised to babysit for my neighbour.
  • Cant
  • In my opinion, you may/should eat more vegetables
    and fewer sweets.
  • Should
  • Yes, of course you might /may borrow this book
    after I read it.
  • May

17
Choose the sentences that is closer in meaning to
the original
  • 1- I cant find my library book. I may have lost
    it.
  • a) Its possible that I lost the book.
  • b) Im sure I lost the book.
  • 2- Jim should have told us he would be late.
  • a) It was nice of Jim to tell us he would be
    late.
  • b) Jim didnt tell us he would be late.
  • 3- Thanks for your help. We couldnt have fixed
    the car by ourselves.
  • a) The car was eventualy fixed.
  • b) It was impossible to fix the car.
  • 4- She shouldnt have told him about the
    surprise.
  • a) It was wrong of her to tell him about the
    surprise.
  • b) It was good that she told him about the
    surprise.
  • 5- The children could have smiled when the
    photographer took their picture.
  • a) The children smiled when the photographer
    took their picture.
  • b) The children arent smiling in the
    photograph.
  • 1-a 2-b 3-a 4-a 5-b

18
Correct the errors using a suitable modal
  • The music is so loud that we mustnt talk to each
    other.
  • -The music is so loud that we cant talk to
    each other.
  • Last nights concert was great! You should be
    there!
  • -Last nights concert was great! You should
    have been there!
  • Ask for directions to Karens house or you can
    get lost on the way.
  • -Ask for directions to Karens house or you
    may get lost on the way.
  • I took an umbrella with me because I thought it
    might have rained.
  • -I took an umbrella with me because I thought
    it may have rained.
  • I would apologise but I didnt know you were
    upset.
  • -I would have apologised but I didnt know you
    were upset.
  • Theres nobody home. They ought to have gone out.
  • -Theres nobody home. They must have gone out.

19
  • END

  • Ángela Lloret and María Martí
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