Histology 14 with supplement

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Histology 14 with supplement

• Much of this is from Histology 14
• Liver
• Respiration

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Pig liver (20X)
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Human (20X)
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• Alternative theory to hepatic systems
• Lobule
• Classical
• Portal
• Acinar (grape-like)

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• PV portal venule
• A hepatic artery
• L lymphatic duct
• B bile duct
• S sinusoids
• Limiting plate

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Respiratory System

• Main functions
• Conducts air in/out
• Exchange gasses w/blood respiration
• Includes mechanisms to prevent collapse of
  conducting tubes
• Bones
• Cartilage
• Two major tube types
• Conducting pathway (nasal portion lungs)
• Respiration pathway (area of alveolar sacs)

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Conducting Pathway

• Specialized lining of epithelium
• respiratory epithelium that changes with
  arborization
• Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
• With goblet cells secrete lots of mucus
• Cilia beat in one direction
• Above pharynx beat downwards
• Below pharynx beat upwards

Mucocilary escalator
Mucus moved throughout passageway trap dust
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Conducting Pathway (cont.)

• Blood vessels warm and moisten air
• Trachea (main passageway)
• Contains C-shaped rings in adventitia
• R,L primary bronchi (enter lungs)
• Same as trachea
• Cartilage becomes reduced in bronchi of lungs
• Epithelium begin with pseudostrat ciliated to
  ciliated columnar
• Bronchioles
• Epithelium ciliated cuboidal to non-ciliated
  simple squamous
• Terminal bronchioles
• Respiratory bronchioles start of the
  respiratory pathway
• Decrease in cartilage, glands, goblet cells
  height of epithelium
• Increase in smooth muscle and elastic tissue

• Extrapulmonary-
• Intrapulmonary-

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Cells

• Type I pneumocytes
• 95 of alveolar surface
• Highly flattened
• Simple squamous epithelium
• Form occluding junctions with one another
• Barrier to extracellular fluid into alveolus
• Type II pneumocytes
• More numerous only about 5 of alveolar surface
• Cuboidal
• Dispersed among type I pneumocytes and form
  occluding junctions with them
• Job provide surfactant glycoprotein reduces
  surface tension (alveolus wont collapse)
• Dust Cell
• Small macrophages
• Can pass over gas-blood barrier of alveoli

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Trachea xs
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Trachea ls

• E epithelium
• LP lamina propria
• SM submucosa
• F fibroelastic tissue

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Primary bronchus

• E epithelium
• LP lamina propria
• M smooth muscle
• G seromucous glands
• C cartilage
• Goblet Cells in epith.

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Bronchiole

• V vein
• M sm. Muscle

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• Terminal portion of respiratory tree
• T terminal bronchiole
• R respiratory bronchiole
• V pulmonary vessel
• AD alveolar duct
• AS alveolar sac
• A - alveolus

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Drawings of gas exchange
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• Capillaries
• Lumen of capillary
• Endothelial cell
• Lumen of alveolus
• Pneumocytes

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