Traveling in Space

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Traveling in Space
NASA National Aeronautics Space Administration

1. The Space Agency
2. Unmanned Space Vehicles
3. Manned Space Vehicles
4. Equipment needed in Space
5. The Future of Space Exploration

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NASA
NASA National Aeronautics Space Administration

• NASA is an agency of the United States
  Government, responsible for the nation's public
  space program.
• NASA was established on July 29, 1958
• In addition to the space program, it is also
  responsible for long-term civilian and military
  aerospace research.

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Unmanned Space Exploration

• In the late 1950s the Soviet Union and the
  United States of America were competing to be the
  first to space.
• Russia beat the USA by launching Sputnik in 1957.

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Unmanned Space Exploration

• Unmanned missions are used when the
• conditions are too dangerous for life.
• Sputnik (Russian and the first man-made satellite
  to orbit the Earth)
• Explorer (American and orbited the Earth)
• Luna (American and traveled to the Moon)
• Mariner (American and traveled to Venus)
• Pioneer (American and traveled to Saturn)
• Voyager (American and traveled to Uranus and
  Neptune)
• Mars Rover

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Manned Space Exploration

• Vostok 1
• Russian, 1957 with dog named Laika
• Vostok 1
• Russian, late 1957
• Mercury Missions
• Orginally launched in 1961 with Alan Shepard
  becoming the first American in space
• Other missions followed with single person crews

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Manned Space Exploration

• Mercury Missions
• Orginally launched in 1961 with Alan Shepard
  becoming the first American in space
• Other missions followed with single person crews
• Gemini Missions
• Two person crews
• Longer flights
• Apollo Missions
• Three person crews
• Moon missions (1969 Americans were the first to
  land on the Moon.)
• STS (Space Transport System- The Space Shuttle)
• up to an eight person crew
• Allows for an airplane-like landing and is
  reusable
• Began in 1981 with STS1- Columbia
• Final mission is scheduled for September 16, 2010
  with STS134

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Accidents of Space Travel

• Apollo 1- 1967 fire on the launch pad kills crew
  of three
• STS51- Space Shuttle Challenger explodes at
  lift-off killing the entire crew of 7
• STS107- Space Shuttle Columbia disintegrates
  during re-entry over Texas killing the entire
  crew of 7

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Science Research Mission

• Purify Water for ISS
• Student experiments of spaceflight and insects
• Cancer cells/bone cells
• Microgravity
• Growing flowers
• Testing Communication devices

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Transportation in Space Rockets
Rockets Every force/action has an equal and
opposite reaction Action Rocket engines hot
gas in one direction Reaction Produces an
opposite force that moves rocket forward Rockets
were use for space travel prior to shuttle First
Launch 1942 First man in a rocket 1961 USSR
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• Multistage Rockets
• According to this diagram, which stage, or
  section, of the rocket reaches the destinations?
• What happens to the other stages?
• Why are these rockets needed?
• Once the fuel is used up the rocket falls back to
  Earth.

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International Space Station (ISS)
-Large satellite project with 16 countries in
which people can live for long periods. The
assembly of the ISS in orbit began in 1998. The
ISS has more than 100 components. First crew on
it 2000 (Sky lab 1973)
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Artificial Satellites

• Satellite Any natural or artificial object that
  revolves around an object in space.
• A few hundred satellites are currently
  operational.
• Consists of small rocket thrusters to keep it in
  orbit, thermal shield for protection, etc.
• 1st Artificial Soviet 1957 Sputnik 1

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Uses of satellites

• Relay telephone calls
• Measure Earths atmosphere
• Photography
• Global positioning

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Space Probes

• Space Probes are unmanned research crafts sent
  into space to conduct science experiments.
• Most are designed to land or orbit specific
  objects. Some fly past the planets taking
  pictures for scientist to study.
• First Probe Luna 1 was launched by the Soviets
  in 1959 to study the moon
• http//www.worldspaceflight.com/probes/
• http//www.worldspaceflight.com/probes/other.htm

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Space Suit

• Space Suit Video ( 3 min.)
• http//www.engadget.com/2009/04/28/video-nasas-nex
  t-gen-space-suit-back-on-track/ 2 min.
• EMU http//www.pbs.org/kcet/wiredscience/video/32
  6-nasa_space_suit_emu.html 1 min

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Rovers
Rovers A rover is a space exploration vehicle
designed to move across the surface of an
astronomical body. Some rovers have been designed
to transport members of a human spaceflight crew
others have been partially or fully autonomous
robots. Rovers usually arrive at the planetary
surface on a lander-style spacecraft. First
1970 http//marsrovers.nasa.gov/gallery/video/anim
ation.html Mars Phoenix Mission
http//videos.howstuffworks.com/nasa/3572-hunting-
for-habitats-on-mars-video.htm
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Robotics

• Athlete Rover http//robotics2.jpl.nasa.gov/movie
  s/vid1016-71-video.mov (5 min)
• Robotics http//robonaut.jsc.nasa.gov/media/video
  s/videos.asp about 3 min for all clips
• Robotic Hand http//videos.howstuffworks.com/hows
  tuffworks/3952-robotic-hand-video.htm ( 1 min)

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Telescope

• A telescope is an instrument to search space,
  planets, moons.
• Galileo made the first telescope in 1609
• Hubble Space Telescope (HST) is a space telescope
  that was carried into orbit by the space shuttle
  in April 1990. It is named after the American
  astronomer Edwin Hubble.
• http//hubblesite.org/
• http//hubblesite.org/the_telescope/where.a.s_hubb
  le_now/
• Telescope Video (Optional) 6 min

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NASA Vision

• Constellation Program
• http//videos.howstuffworks.com/nasa/2214-how-the-
  mars-reconnaissance-orbiter-works-video.htm
• Click on this link http//www.nasa.gov/audience/fo
  rstudents/5-8/multimedia/funandgames_archive_3.htm
  l
• then scroll down to the video Animation To the
  Moon
• http//www.nasa.gov/audience/forkids/kidsclub/flas
  h/visionfeature/Vision.html Informational website
  about the new mission (optional)
• http//www.nasa.gov/externalflash/CxEMM_SITE/index
  .html in-depth information about Constellation
  (optional)

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Destination Tomorrow

• Future of living in space and space tourism
• Space elevator
• http//videos.howstuffworks.com/sciencentral/2910-
  space-elevator-video.htm
• Space hotel (inflatable space module)
• http//science.howstuffworks.com/hotel-orbit-earth
  .htm
• Virgin Galactic future of space travel
• http//www.space.com/common/media/video/player.php
  ?videoRefvirgin_galactic01
• http//www.virgingalactic.com/flash.html