Systems of the Home

1
Systems of the Home

• Electrical
• Gas
• Plumbing
• Heating Cooling

2
Electrical

• Electricity provides the lighting and powers the
  operation of most of the systems within the
  house.

3
Electrical

• Electricity is delivered to your home by the
  electric company at a voltage that will operate
  your lights, electric appliances and other
  equipment. Most require 120 volts.

4
Electrical

• The kitchen range, refrigerator, water heater and
  furnace require 240 volts.

5
Electrical

• Electricity comes from the power plant ---
  transformers (reduce the voltage and increases
  the current) --- neighborhood in wires on poles
  or buried underground in a conduit (surrounds and
  protects the wires) transformers then reduces
  the power to the house (120 220 volts)

6
Electrical

• At the home there is a service drop that connects
  the wires from the transformer to the entry of
  the home. A meter is also put here, that
  monitors the electrical usage of the home.

7
Electrical

• Electricians install the wiring inside the home
  for all the lights and appliances. It is
  installed while the studs are open and must be
  inspected by an electrical code authority.

8
Electrical

• Other things connected to the electrical system
  are telephone, door bell, intercom, thermostat,
  fire detectors, security system, computers, and
  cable TV systems.

9
Electrical

• Each room should have at least 3 outlets.
  Outlets should be placed at least every 6 feet.
  A telephone jack may be in each room. Cable
  outlets may be in several rooms.

10
Gas System

• This system is used for cooking, heating water
  and heating air.

11
Gas System

• Inside the house, the plumber installs branch
  lines to all gas burning appliances. All
  fittings are sealed to prevent leakage. System
  must be checked before the system can be used by
  the owner

12
Gas System

• Natural Gas comes into the community through
  pipelines where the gas is forced by high
  pressure. The pressure is then reduced and
  distributed throughout the community by gas
  mains.

13
Gas System

• Gas company taps the main and lays pipe to your
  home. A gas meter is placed where the gas line
  enters the house.
• Propane Gas is used in homes that do not have
  access to a natural gas line.

14
Plumbing System

• This system contains two parts, provides water to
  the home and removes waterborne waste from it.

15
Plumbing Water Supply

• Supplied to the house under pressure from a
  community water main or system. Enters the house
  through a building main. A shut off valve and a
  meter is located at the main.

16
Plumbing Water Supply

• The water may first pass through a water
  softener, filter or other treatment device. It
  then flows into separate hot and cold water
  mains.

17
Plumbing Water Supply

• The hot water starts at the hot water heater. To
  determine the size of water heater needed
• For 2 people 1 bath 1 washing machine 30
  gallons of hot water
• For each additional person add 3.5 gallons
• For each additional bathroom add 3.5 gallons
• For an automatic dishwasher add 5.0 gallons

18
Plumbing Water Supply

• Pipes for this system are either ½ or ¾ inch in
  diameter and may be made from copper, plastic, or
  galvanized steel. They can be located in the
  walls, floor, or ceilings of the home.

19
Plumbing Water Supply

• A shut off valve is located next to each fixture
  or appliance that uses this system.

20
Plumbing

• Comes mainly from the bathroom, kitchen, and
  laundry area. Waste water lines are separate
  from the water supply. They are larger in
  diameter and are not pressurized, but rely on
  gravity.

21
Plumbing

• The waste water leaves the house and is
  transported to a community sewer line or private
  septic tank. From the community sewer line it
  goes through a treatment system and is then
  recycled and used for industrial or irrigation
  purposes.

22
Plumbing Waste Water System

• Each plumbing fixture has a trap which catches
  and holds a small amount of water that prevents
  the sewage gas from coming back into the house.
  The toilet has a built in trap.

23
Plumbing Waste Water System

• Plumbing fixtures are kitchen sink, lavatories,
  toilets, bathtubs, and showers.

24
Plumbing Waste Water System

• Plumbing appliances are hot water heater, water
  softener, washer, dishwasher and refrigerator

25
Heating System

• The heating systems either use electricity, gas,
  oil or coal.

26
Heating System

• Forced Warm Air System air is heated by furnace
  and then delivered to the room through supply
  ducts. Another set of ducts takes the cool air
  back to the furnace. A thermostat in the home
  controls the system. (Most commonly used.

27
Heating System

• Hydronic Heating System water is heated in a
  boiler to a pre-set temperature. When this
  temperature is reached, the water is pumped
  through pipes to radiators. These radiators are
  usually along the outside walls of the house.
  It is quiet, clean and does not create
  drafts.

28
Heating System

• Electric Radiant Heating uses resistant wiring
  to produce heat in the wire. Wires are placed in
  the ceiling, floor or baseboards. Heat moves
  from the wire through the air. Must be installed
  when the house is being built.

29
Heating System

• Central Heat Pump System electric refrigeration
  unit is used to heat or cool the home. Removes
  heat from the outside air or ground in cold
  weather. The fan then circulates the heated or
  cooled air throughout the house.

30
Heating System

• Solar Heating uses energy from the sun to
  provide heating and sometimes controls the hot
  water for the home. Most that have this system,
  also have some kind of back up system.

31
Heating System

• Fireplaces most have a single opening. Made of
  masonry or metal covered with brick. Can burn
  wood or piped with gas to look like burning logs.

32
Cooling System

• Central air conditioning is the most common
  system used. The central air compressor and
  condenser unit are located outside the home.
  This system uses the same duct system as the
  heating system.

33
Cooling System

• Some individuals use individual window units in
  some particular rooms. They are placed in the
  window with part inside the room, and part
  hanging on the outside of the house.

34

• http//www.hgtv.com/hgtv-holmes-on-homes/videos/in
  dex.html