Bill Palmer

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Bill Palmer
DC INTEGRATED BIOLOGY FRESHWATER PLANKTON

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FRESHWATER PLANKTON

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FRESHWATER PLANKTON

• Freshwater plankton and marine plankton are
  similar in appearance, classification, and
  function.
• We will collect and study some freshwater
  plankton since we dont instant access to the
  ocean.

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FRESHWATER PLANKTON

• Plankton are small organisms found in water.
• Usually are invertebrates.
• Usually float.
• Provide food for many animals.
• Indicators of health of system.

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FRESHWATER PLANKTON

• Animal Plankton is generally known as
  ZOOPLANKTON.
• Plant Plankton is generally known as
  PHYTOPLANKTON.

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MICROSCOPE

• COMPOUND MICROSCOPE

• Use for higher power
• 40-100X
• Good for
• Bacteria
• Protists
• Cells

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MICROSCOPE

• DISSECTING MICROSCOPE

• Use for lower power
• 10-20X
• Good for
• Dissecting small things
• Invertebrates
• Flowers

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USING THE COMPOUND MICROSCOPE

• Always use care with microscope-two hands
• Start with low power and work your way to higher
  power
• Adjust the light
• Dont cram objective into specimen
• Practice moving things into the field of view

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USING THE DISSECTING MICROSCOPE

• Always use care with microscope-two hands
• Start with low power and work your way to higher
  power
• Adjust the light
• Practice moving things into the field of view

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LOOKING AT PLANKTON

• Put some of the pond water onto the well slide
• Get some pond water with algae but not too much
• Put a cover slip on slide
• Adjust the light
• Search the field-things will be moving-follow and
  try to identify
• Use other type of microscope

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SOME COMMON PROTIST

• Protists are one-celled animals

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SOME COMMON PROTISTEuglena

Move with Flagella (flagellum)
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SOME COMMON PROTISTParamecium

• Move with cillia (cillium)

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SOME COMMON PROTISTAmoeba

• Move with pseudopods (false feet)

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SOME COMMON PROTISTVorticella

Cillia on springs
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SOME COMMON PROTISTStentor

Large funnel with cillia
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SOME COMMON PROTISTVolvox

Ball of Colonial Cells Photosynthetic
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SOME COMMON PROTISTArcella

Like an Amoeba with a turtle shell.
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SOME COMMON PROTISTSpirogyra

A common type of pond algae with the chlorophyll
arranged like a corkscrew.
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SOME COMMON INVERTEBRATES Rotifers

These are the wheel animals first seen by
Leeuwenhoek in 1703.
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SOME COMMON INVERTEBRATES Cladocera (cyclops)

These arthropods have one red eye and often have
two egg sacs.
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SOME COMMON INVERTEBRATES Daphnia (water flea)

Look for the beating heart and females with eggs
or babies in these arthropods.
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AN UNCOMMON INVERTEBRATETardigrade (water bear)

These are hard to find but look for them in the
sediments at the bottom of the tank.
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SOME COMMON INVERTEBRATESMayfly Nymph

These insects spend most of their life as aquatic
nymphs. Adults live for one day-only to
reproduce. Adults have no mouthparts with which
to feed. Nymphs have THREE filaments
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SOME COMMON INVERTEBRATESStonefly Nymph

Stoneflies have TWO filaments.
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SOME COMMON INVERTEBRATESDragonfly Nymph

The lower jaw juts out to grab prey. May eat
small fish.
Dragonfly nymphs are voracious feeders.
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SOME COMMON INVERTEBRATESCaddisfly Nymph

Caddisfly nymphs make a protective case of sticks
or sand to protect them from predators.
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SOME COMMON INVERTEBRATESBeetle Larvae

Many beetle larvae are aquatic. Look for a worm
with six legs.
Water Penny-we may find at Rockbridge SP
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SOME COMMON INVERTEBRATESFly Larvae

Horse fly (maggots) and mosquito larvae
(wigglers) are aquatic.
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SOME COMMON INVERTEBRATESTrue Bugs

Leathery wings with X on back.
Water bug with babies on back.
Toad Bug-bites! Ouch!!!
Giant Water Bug-This can eat fish, frogs and
swimmers toes! Ouch!
These bugs may bite.
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SOME COMMON INVERTEBRATESTrue Bugs

Leathery wings with X on back.
These bugs usually do NOT bite
Water Strider (not water spider) uses surface
tension to walk on water.
Water Scorpion-Stinger is really a snorkel.
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SOME COMMON INVERTEBRATES Beetles

Hard Shell
Giant Water Beetle-can kill and eat small frogs
and fish. May come to lights at night.
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SOME COMMON INVERTEBRATESPlanaria

Flatworms-nonparasitic or free-living.
Planaria have great Powers of regeneration And
are often used in Experiments.
We MAY find the rare Pink Planaria at Rockbridge
SP.
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SOME COMMON INVERTEBRATESNematode Worm

Roundworms
The parasitic Horsehair worm is found in fresh
water and must have a cricket/grasshopper to
complete its life cycle.
All parasites have a very complex life cycle.
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SOME COMMON INVERTEBRATESOligichate Worm

• Worms with bristle feet

Earthworms and leeches.
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SOME COMMON INVERTEBRATESCrustaceans-1

• AMPHIPODS-
• Like Shrimp swim on side.

We should find lots of these at Rockbridge SP.
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SOME COMMON INVERTEBRATESCrustaceans-2

• ISOPODS-Flat like sowbug or pillbug or
  rolley-polley

We should find some of these at Rockbridge SP.
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SOME COMMON INVERTEBRATESMolluscs

• Snails and Clams

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SOME COMMON INVERTEBRATES

• Amoeba (Protista, Sarcodina))
• Paramecium (Protista, Ciliate)
• Aeolosoma (Annelida)
• Brown Hydra (Coelenterate)
• Brown Planaria (Platyhelminthes)
• Daphnia (Arthropod, Crustacean)
• Rotifers (Philodina)
• Vinegar Eel (Nematode)