American Sign Language 1

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American Sign Language 1

• THE BASICS

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American Sign Language

• A sign is a or
  that conveys a concept.
• Each sign is made with a specific hand
  configuration or , placed at
  various locations on or near the signer's body.
• If the handshape, movement, or location changes,
  the of the sign also changes.

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ASL Continued

• ASL is a language
• If you do not understand or learn a vocabulary
  word/concept, then you will become behind.
• ASL is evolving
• New signs are ________ daily, therefore more
  signs/concepts will be added to the lists, class,
  and books throughout the year.
• There are ______ ways to sign a word or concept
• Please be understanding and ______ any new signs
  that may _________ from what you have seen or
  used.

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EYE CONTACT

• ASL is a language
• While conversing in ASL one _______ maintain full
  eye contact
• Do NOT look at the __________ hands
• will be lost if eye contact is
  broken

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THE EYE QUESTIONS(please write on a separate
piece of paper)

• If you are having an ASL conversation and you
  look away once, what will the deaf person think?
• If you are having an ASL conversation and you
  keep looking away, what will the deaf person
  think?
• Why must you maintain eye contact when having an
  ASL conversation?

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Check your Answers

1. They will think that you have ended the
   conversation.
2. If you keep looking away they will think that you
   are rude or angry.
3. You must watch the signer or you wont hear the
   conversation. Deaf people must watch the signer.
   They cannot take notes, or look away during
   class.

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BODY LOCATION

• Signs are made from the _____ of the _____ down
  to the _______.
• Imagine a _________ being drawn from your head
  down to your ________.
• Signs must be made ________ this rectangle or
  they become difficult _________ and meaning can
  be lost.

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LOCATION CONT

• Signs are formed only
  certain areas of the _______.
• Approximately ______ of all signs are formed in
  the head and neck area because they can be
  __________.
• The of a sign frequently
  contributes to its _______.
• For example, many signs that denote _______ are
  formed near the heart, whereas signs related to
  _________ concepts are formed near the ________.

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Movement and Meaning

• Much of the meaning of signs may be ___________
  through _____________ in relation to the body.
• For example the sign "children" moves as if
  ___________ children on the top of the head.
• Or "school" is signed as if one is a teacher,
  clapping their hands to get the class' attention.
  
• Noticing movement helps to formulate
  __________________, which are vital for full
  comprehension of a sign.

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SIGN PRODUCTION

• Signs are Produced in TWO ways
• Signs
• Signs
• a. Symmetry Condition
• b. Dominance Condition

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ONE HANDED SIGNS

• Always performed by the hand
• Movement can be in _____ direction(single,
  double, repetitive)
• Hand can be in any of the acceptable ____________
• Sign must be performed ________ the rectangle
• Examples cat, bathroom

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Two Handed Signs Symmetry Condition

• Both hands ______
• Both hands have same of movement
• Both hands have the same ___________
• Example family, maybe

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TWO HANDED SIGNSDOMINANCE CONDITION

• Each hand has a different _________
• Only the active hand moves while the other hand
  (passive) serves as a ______. The passive hand
  does not move.
• Example money, word

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THE FIVE BASIC PARTS (PARAMETERS) OF A SIGN

• Every language has 5 Linguistic components
• Phonology (study of how sounds are ____________
  and used)
• Semantics (the __________ of a word)
• Syntax (word ________)
• ______________ (the meaning of the word)
• Pragmatics (how you ________ the word)
• (this WILL be on many tests)

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PARAMETERS for ASL

• Handshape
• Movement
• ___________
• Palm Orientation
• Non-Manual Signals(______________)
• MEMORIZE THIS! YOU MUST KNOW THIS ALL YEAR!
• Ex. Summer, dry, ugly

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Why use the 5 Parameters?

• If you can learn to ________ ASL signs using
  these categories, you will be able to more easily
  ___________ the sign.
• Each sign will begin to look ________ versus a
  blur of hands!

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MOVEMENT

• Single Movement (SM) - the sign moves _________.
  An example of this are the signs "not",
  "tomorrow", "now" and "yuck!".
• All of these signs go from _________ position to
  the __________ position one time only.
• Double Movement (DM) - the sign moves two times.
  Examples of _______________ in signs is
  "take-care", "door", and "business".
• Each movement is repeated twice.
• Repetitive Movement (RM) - the sign moves
  _________________ two times. Examples of this are
  the signs "light" (as in bulb), "children", and
  "school".

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Why is movement important?

• If the movement is not ________ you can sign
  inaccurately.
• ___________ of the movement may indicate several
  things--the _________ of the action, if a noun
  is plural or ___________, or the distinction
  between a noun and a _______.
• ________ of the movement may indicate volume or
  size.
• Speed and vigor indicates __________.

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For example

• If you sign "yuck" with repetitive movement that
  means "throw-up".
• If you sign "now" repetitively, rather than one
  time, it means "today".
• The same holds true with the sign "business". If
  it's signed with repetitive movement it means
  "busy".

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PALM ORIENTATION

• Another component of a sign is its orientation,
  or the ____________ in which the _______ is
  turned.
• The direction that the _______ of the hand faces
  (up, down, left, or right) is a useful way of
  ___________ the orientation because once the palm
  is described, the _________ of the fingers and
  the back of the hand is obvious.
• Noticing _________________ will help you
  _________ a sign.
• Examples

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FACIAL EXPRESSION/NON-MANUAL SIGNALS (NMS)

• Show _________
• Give _______ their meanings
• Can ________ the meaning of a sign
• Ex. Like (smile)
• Like (negative head shake)
• Eyebrows up ________ Questions
• Eyebrows _________ WH question (who, what, when,
  where, why how)
• WITHOUT _______ THE SIGN IS INCORRECT!

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NMM/NMS

• If you can execute the first 4 ___________ of a
  sign, you can succeed in correctly making a sign.
  
• In _________ languages, additional semantic
  information is carried through one's ___________.
  
• In ______, additional semantic information is
  carried through one's _______ and
  ____________________. The signed message is quite
  _________ if you shake your head yes, or nod your
  head no while signing "married".
• When a person signs all of the components of a
  sign including ______________, there is a
  complete thought--__________. Without the
  Nonmanual Markers there is merely a string of
  signs.

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ASL Handshapes

• The handshape is generally the most ___________
  component of a sign.
• It is the configuration the hand assumes when
  ______________ to make a sign.
• The most frequently used handshapes are the
  letters of the _______________________ and the
  manual numbers
• Most signs can be organized into _____ possible
  handshapes.

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40 ASL Handshapes

• "A" Examples with, aunt, sweetheart, practice,
  live"Open A"Examples girl, not, which,
  remember, tomorrow, yesterday
• "B"Examples daughter, son, blue, brown, door
• "Open B" or "Closed 5"Examples please, paper,
  nice, school, thank you"Bent B" or "Bent Closed
  5"Examples know, near, how, have, excuse
  me"C"Examples cousin, class, marry, wife,
  husband, chocolate

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• "D"Examples dorm, divorce, date, department
• "E"Examples elevator, elementary school,
  educate"F"Examples France, cat, family,
  tea"Open F"Examples meat/steak,
  big-eyes"G"Examples peabrain!, green,
  mustache"H"Examples fun, hard-of-hearing,
  horse, name, train

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• "I"Examples if/suppose, art/draw, institute
• "K"Examples take-care, people, two-of-us,
  purple"L"Examples later, library, live,
  sister, brother
• "Bent L"Examples moon, run, camera,
  big"M"Examples medical, math, member
• "N"Examples nurse, niece, nephew, no

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• "O"Examples sunrise, none, office, owl,
  teach"Baby O" or "Closed X"Examples perfect,
  write, celebrate"Flattened O"Examples give,
  home, eat, boy, number, buy, money"R"Examples
  restroom, rules, ready
• "S" Examples yes, motorcycle, car, bike,
  coffee, how-many"T"Examples team, toilet,
• "U"Examples cute, uncle, university

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• "V"Examples stuck, see, either, stand, fall
  down"Bent V"Examples stairs, ride-in,
  speechless"W"Examples weird, world,
  water"X"Examples tease, hearing aid, apple,
  friend, expression, key"Y"Examples silly,
  oh-I-see, same, cow, waddle, New York, phone

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• "L-I"Examples I love you, fly, why,
  California"1-I"Examples tent/camping,
  ironic"1"Examples stars, go-to, where, black,
  deaf, candy, boring, sign language"3"Examples
  lousy, vehicle, clumsy"Bent 3" Examples bug,
  radio, rooster, devilish"4"Examples line of
  people, talk, chat, meeting

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• "5"Examples fingerspelling, mom,dad, man,
  woman, fine, candle, what"Bent 5" or "Claw
  5"Examples OOPS!, roommate, machine, want
• "8"Examples hate/despise, light (as in bulb),
  pumpkin"Open 8"Examples what's up!, feel,
  sick, tendencyIn some ASL signs there is more
  than one ______________ used or the sign might
  ______ with one handshape and end with another.
  Pay attention to handshape the next time you
  sign.

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TAKING NOTES

• Taking notes in reference to the ____________
  helps you recreate the sign and ________ it in
  your memory.
• For example, let's take the sign "cat" and take
  notes
• Sign 
  "cat"
• H.S.(HandShape)  "F"
• Palm (orientation)  out
• Location 
  dominant cheek
• Movement  RM
  (Repetitive Movement), like cat's whiskers
• Nonmanual  none

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REFERENCES

• http//www.ltcconline.net/ASLLT/scsigncomponents.h
  tm
• CSW workshop information
• Melissa George
• My experiences

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Practice

• Now practice the vocabulary words we have learned
  and be ready to see them on the test AND any of
  the signs I emphasized on the 40 handshapes
  slide.
• Ex good morning, toilet, my, name, do-do,
  afternoon, evening, bad, yes, no, whats up,
  deaf, hearing, hard of hearing, camp/tent,
  elevator, train, sweetheart, please, sorry, thank
  you, chocolate, purple, party