From Trustee Georgia to Royal Georgia

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From Trustee Georgia to Royal Georgia

• Georgia Studies Notes

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Georgias Beginnings

• Georgia began as a Trustee Colony with its
  original charter in 1732.
• The Trustee Period lasted from 1733 to 1752.

Plans for City of Savannah
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Trustee Leaders

• James Oglethorpe
• 21 trustees
• King (George II) is ultimate authority

James Oglethorpe
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Governance

• King had ultimate authority
• Trustees made regulations which had to be obeyed
  by colonists

King George II
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Georgias Colonial Boundaries

• All lands between the Altamaha and Savannah
  Rivers west to the Pacific Ocean

Boundaries in original charter
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Slavery

• Slavery was not allowed by the Charter of 1732

Charter of 1732
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The Colonists

• Aside from original settlers who came on the Ann,
  many new settlers arrived during the Trustee
  Period
• Salzburgers
• Moravians
• Highland Scots
• Malcontents

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Religion

• The original settlers were all Protestants
• Within a short period of time, Georgia also had
  Jewish settlers

Christ Church in Savannah
John Wesley
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Salzburgers

• Originated in Salzburg, Germany
• Came to Georgia because they were expelled from
  Catholic Germany for being Protestant
• Settled in Ebenezer
• Relocated to New Ebenezer because of issue with
  the original land
• Opposed to slavery

New Ebenezer
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Highland Scots

• Came to Georgia from Scotland
• Settled in Darien, Georgia
• Rebuilt Fort King George
• Opposed to slavery

Fort King George
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Malcontents

• Mainly composed of Scottish settlers near
  Savannah
• Arrived in Georgia by paying their own way, so
  they did not feel the same loyalty to James
  Oglethorpe
• Objected to three trustee rules
• Limits on land ownership
• Law against slavery
• Law against rum
• Felt these laws limited their
  ability earn money

Cover of official protest
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The Spanish Threat from Florida

• In 1739, war broke out between England and Spain
• This gave Oglethorpe a good reason to invade
  Florida which was controlled by Spain
• 2000 men (mainly Native Americans and settlers
  from GA SC) fought to take
  over Spanish forts in
  Florida

War of Jenkins Ear
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Spanish Threat continued

• Not much progress was made until July 1742 in the
  Battle of Bloody Marsh
• In this battle Highland Scots assisted
  Oglethorpes forces. This surprise attack caught
  the Spanish forces off guard and was the
  beginning of a safe southern frontier for the
  British.

Battle of Bloody Marsh
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Spanish Threat continued

• The Spanish eventually left the area for good
  after a note was sent to a British deserter
  warning of an impending attack by arriving ships.
  The arriving ships were actually trading ships,
  but the Spanish thought they would be outnumbered
  and gave up.

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Royal Georgia

• Georgias Royal Period lasted from 1752 - 1776

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Boundaries

• After the French Indian War, the southern
  boundary was set to the St. Marys River the
  western boundary was set at the Mississippi River

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Government

• King appointed governor council
• Under Kings direct control
• Royal Governor appointed
• Parish is a church and government district- kind
  of like todays counties

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Royal Government continued

• Determined right to vote
• To vote, white, male settlers had to own 50 acres
• Determined right to hold office
• To be in office, white, male settlers had to own
  500 acres

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Parishes
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Royal Government Leaders

• John Reynolds first royal governor
  (ineffective)
• Henry Ellis second royal governor (established
  foundation for government)
• James Wright third royal governor (efficient
  and popular)

James Wright
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Religion

• Anglican Church (Church of England) became the
  official church of Georgia

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LAND OWNERSHIP

• Limits on land ownership removed-
• HEADRIGHT SYSTEM- land given away to the HEAD of
  the family- 100 acres, plus 50 acres for each
  family member, servant or slave
• Land could be inherited by females and males

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Slavery

• Allowed after 1750 because the colonists were
  frustrated by the success of their neighbors to
  the north who were becoming prosperous under
  slavery

Slave ship