Inquiry Lesson

1
Inquiry Lesson 1928 to 1932 Trials and
Tribulations during Hoovers Administration
Farmers, the Dust Bowl, and the Exodusters
The Bonus Army
Jim Crow Atrocities
Major Events to consider during Hoovers
Administration
The Response of Hoovers Administration
The Great Crash
2
Here is how the lesson will work ...
Major Events to consider during Hoovers
Administration

1. Remember, often it is not the answer that
   matters, but the questions that precede any
   answer.
2. Each color coded historical grouping (red, grey,
   black, green, and orange) will have 3-5 student
   partners. These student participants will attempt
   to evaluate a document, video, audio, etc. piece
   of primary source evidence.
3. To accomplish this primary source evaluation,
   students will use the Stripling Model of Inquiry
   (see next slide)
4. Then, each member will respond to guiding
   questions (see slide after Stripling Model of
   Inquiry)

3
Source https//washington2011esd112.pbworks.com/w
/page/48189352/Inquiry20Process20Model
4
Guiding Questions
Major Events to consider during Hoovers
Administration

• What is the role of government, the individual,
  and the community in times of hardship? Where do
  they crossover, or do they?
• Since this is an inquiry based exercise, what are
  your questions related to your piece of evidence.
  Generate one for each level.
• The time allotment for this 55 minute class
  period will be
• 5 minute set up,
• 20 minute interpretation/reflection, (see
  Library of Congress interpretation/reflection
  guide next slide)
• 25 minute share,
• 5 min wrap-up

5
Primary Source Analysis ToolGuiding Question -
What is the role of government, the individual,
and the community in times of hardship? Where do
they crossover, or do they?
What inferences and/or observations can you make about this source? How do your observations and inferences connect with the guiding question? What questions do you still have?
6
Guiding Question - What is the role of
government, the individual, and the community in
times of hardship? Where do they crossover, or do
they?
Government
Community
Individual
7
Evidence piece 1
Farmers, the Dust Bowl, and the Exodusters
8
Evidence piece 1 Source Info
Farmers, the Dust Bowl, and the Exodusters
Left Side Right Side
Title Farmer and sons walking in the face of a dust storm. Cimarron County, Oklahoma Creator(s) Rothstein, Arthur, 1915-1985, photographer Date Created/Published 1936 Apr. Summary Photo shows the Dust Bowl area. Reproduction Number LC-DIG-ppmsc-00241 (digital file from print) LC-USZ62-11491 (bw film copy neg. from print) LC-USZC4-4840 (color film copy transparency from print) Photographs (http//www.loc.gov/rr/print/res/071_fsab.html)Repository Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, DC 20540 USA http//hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print Title Son of farmer in dust bowl area. Cimarron County, Oklahoma Creator(s) Rothstein, Arthur, 1915-1985, photographer Date Created/Published 1936 Apr. Reproduction Number LC-DIG-fsa-8b38282 (digital file from original neg.) LC-USZ62-130123 (bw film copy neg. from file print) (http//www.loc.gov/rr/print/res/071_fsab.html) Repository Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, DC 20540 http//hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print
9
Evidence piece 2
Farmers, the Dust Bowl, and the Exodusters
10
Evidence piece 2 Source Info
Farmers, the Dust Bowl, and the Exodusters
Left Side Right Side
Title Migrant agricultural worker's family. Seven hungry children. Mother aged thirty-two. Father is native Californian. Nipomo, California Creator(s) Dorothea Lange Date Created/Published 1936 Feb. or Mar. Digital ID (bw copy scan) fsa 8b29527 http//hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/fsa.8b29527 Repository Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, DC 20540 USA http//hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print Title Destitute pea pickers in California. Mother of seven children. Age thirty-two. Nipomo, California Creator(s) Dorothea Lange Date Created/Published 1936 Feb. or Mar. Digital ID (digital file from original neg.) fsa 8b29516 http//hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/fsa.8b29516 Repository Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, DC 20540 http//hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print
11
Evidence piece 3
Farmers, the Dust Bowl, and the Exodusters
12
Evidence piece 3 Source Info
Farmers, the Dust Bowl, and the Exodusters
Left Side Right Side
Title More Oklahomans reach Calif. via the cotton fields of Ariz. "We got blowed out in Oklahoma." Share-croppers family near Bakersfield, Apr. 7, 1935 Creator(s) Lange, Dorothea, photographer Date Created/Published 1935. Repository Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA Title Kansas "dust bowl" farmer Creator(s) Rothstein, Arthur, 1915-1985, photographer Date Created/Published 1936 Mar. Repository Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, DC 20540 http//hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print
13
Evidence Piece 4
Farmers, the Dust Bowl, and the Exodusters
14
Evidence piece 4 Source Info
Farmers, the Dust Bowl, and the Exodusters
Title  A Shower At Last Creator(s) Joe Parrish,
cartoonist Newspaper The Nashville
Tennessean Date Created/Published  July 10,
1936 Repository International Team of Comic
Historians (I.T.C.H.) http//superitch.com/?p1015
9
15
Evidence Piece 5
Farmers, the Dust Bowl, and the Exodusters
Dust Bowl Interview 431 duration Dust Bowl Film Clip -

16
Evidence piece 5 Source Info
Farmers, the Dust Bowl, and the Exodusters
Dust Bowl Interview 431 duration Okie Audio clip 2 -
Interviewee Mrs. Flora Robertson Album Voices from the Dust Bowl Interviewee Album
17
Evidence piece 6
Farmers, the Dust Bowl, and the Exodusters
18
Evidence Piece 6 Source Info
Farmers, the Dust Bowl, and the Exodusters

• Title Typescript for The Grapes of Wrath with
  copy-editing marks, 
• Author/Creator(s) John Steinbeck (1902-1968)
• Date Created/Published  1939
• Repository Library of Congress Manuscript
  Division, Washington, DC 20540 http//www.loc.gov/
  exhibits/treasures/trm143.html

19
Evidence piece 1
Jim Crow Atrocities
20
Evidence piece 1 Source Info
Jim Crow Atrocities
Newspaper Article The Act of Lynching Author No
author cited Publication Cleveland Gazette 17,
no. 10 (10/07/1899) Source - Library of Congress
http//memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/aaeo_at_
field(DOCID_at_lit(o19196))
21
Evidence piece 2
Jim Crow Atrocities
22
Evidence piece 2 Source Info
Jim Crow Atrocities
Title The lynching of Thomas Shipp and Abram
Smith Creator(s) Lawrence Beitler Date
Created/Published August 7, 1930 Repository 
Library of Congress, Washington, DC
 lcweb2.loc.gov/ and Images and the Media,
Andover University http//www.andover.edu/Museums/
Addison/Education/mlc/Documents/ImagesAndTheMediaP
ortfolioGuide.pdf
23
Evidence piece 3
Jim Crow Atrocities
Strange Fruit (http//www.youtube.com/watch?vh4Zy
uULy9zs)
Southern trees bear strange fruit,Blood on the
leaves and blood at the root,Black bodies
swinging in the Southern breeze, Strange fruit
hanging from the poplar trees. Pastoral scene
of the gallant South,The bulging eyes and
twisted mouth,The scent of magnolias, sweet and
fresh,Then the sudden smell of burning flesh.
Here is a fruit for the crows to pluck,For the
rain to gather, for the wind to suck,For the sun
to rot, for the trees to drop,Here is a strange
and bitter crop.
24
Evidence piece 3 Source Info
Jim Crow Atrocities
Left Side Right Side
Title Strange Fruit Creator(s) Abel Meeropol (aka Lewis Allen) Date Created/Published 1936. Originally published The New York Teacher, (a union magazine) Repository  Library of Congress Motion Picture and Television Reading Room Division Washington, DC http//www.loc.gov/rr/mopic/findaid/jazz/a-c.html Title Strange Fruit Creator(s)/Performer   Abel Meeropol (aka Lewis Allen) writer Billy Holiday (performed) Date Created/Performed 1936/1939 respectively Repository http//www.youtube.com/watch?vh4ZyuULy9zs
25
Evidence piece 4
Jim Crow Atrocities
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Evidence piece 4 Source Info
Jim Crow Atrocities
Left Side Right Side
Title A Terrible Blot on American Civilization  Author/Creator(s) District Colombia Anti-Lynching Committee North Eastern Federation of Colored Womens Clubs Created/Published  1922 Repository Library of Congress Manuscript Division, Washington, DC http//memory.loc.gov/rbc/rbpe/rbpe20/rbpe208/20803600/001dr.jpg Title Lynchings for 1922 Author/Creator(s) R.R. Moton Created/Published  01/13/1923 Repository Ohio Historical Center Archives Library http//dbs.ohiohistory.org/africanam/page1.cfm?ItemID1782
27
Evidence piece 5
Jim Crow Atrocities
28
Evidence piece 5 Source Info
Jim Crow Atrocities
Data Table Source From Stewart E. Tolnay and
E.M. Beck, A Festival of Violence An Analysis
of Southern Lynchings, 1882-1930.
http//www.umass.edu/complit/aclanet/USLynch.htm
l
29
Evidence piece 6 Source Info
Jim Crow Atrocities
30
Evidence piece 5 Source Info
Jim Crow Atrocities
Signage from Jim Crow South Source
http//www.ferris.edu/news/jimcrow/what.htm
31
Evidence piece 7
Jim Crow Atrocities
begin page 1 In dealing with all vexed
questions, the chief aim of every honest inquirer
should be to ascertain the facts. No good purpose
is subserved either by concealment on the one
hand or exaggeration on the other. "The truth,
the whole truth and nothing but the truth," is
the only sure foundation for just judgment. The
purpose of this pamphlet is to give the public
the facts, in the belief that there is still a
sense of justice in the American people, and that
it will yet assert itself in condemnation of
outlawry and in defense of oppressed and
persecuted humanity. In this firm belief the
following pages will describe the lynching of
nine colored men, who were arrested near
Palmetto, Georgia, about the middle of March,
upon suspicion that they were implicated in the
burning of the three houses in February
preceding. The nine suspects were not criminals,
they were hard-working, law-abiding citizens, men
of families. They had assaulted no woman, and,
after the lapse of nearly a month, it could not
be claimed that the fury of an insane mob made
their butchery excusable. They were in the
custody of law, unarmed, chained together and
helpless, awaiting their trial. They had no money
to employ learned counsel to invoke the aid of
technicalities to defeat justice. They were in
custody of a white Sheriff, to be prosecuted by a
white State's Attorney, to be tried before a
white judge, and by a white jury. Surely the
guilty had no chance to escape. Still they were
lynched. That the awful story of their slaughter
may not be considered overdrawn, the following
description is taken from the columns of the
Atlanta Journal, as it was written by Royal
Daniel, a staff correspondent. The story of the
lynching thus told is as follows Palmetto. Ga.,
March 16.--A mob of more than 100 desperate men,
armed with Winchesters and shotguns and pistols
and wearing masks, rode into Palmetto at 1
o'clock this morning and shot to death four Negro
prisoners, desperately wounded another and with
deliberate aim fired at four others, wounding
two, believing the entire nine had been killed.
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Evidence piece 7 (page 2)
Jim Crow Atrocities
Begin page no. 2 The boldness of the mob and
the desperateness with which the murder was
contemplated and executed, has torn the little
town with excitement and anxiety. All business
has been suspended, and the town is under
military patrol, and every male inhabitant is
armed to the teeth, in anticipation of an
outbreak which is expected to-night. Last night
nine Negroes were arrested and placed in the
warehouse near the depot. The Negroes were
charged with the burning of the two business
blocks here in February. At 1 o'clock this
morning the mob dashed into town while the people
slept. They rushed to the warehouse in which the
nine Negroes were guarded by six white men. The
door was burst open and the guards were ordered
to hold up their hands. Then the mob fired two
volleys into the line of trembling, wretched and
pleading prisoners, and to make sure of their
work, placed pistols in the dying men's faces and
emptied the chambers. Citizens who were aroused
by the shooting and ran out to investigate the
cause were driven to their homes at the point of
guns and pistols and then the mob mounted their
horses and dashed out of town, back into the
woods and home again. None of the mob was
recognized, as their faces were completely
concealed by masks. The men did their work
orderly and coolly and exhibited a determination
seldom equaled under similar circumstances. The
nine Negroes were tied with ropes and were
helpless. The guard was held at the muzzle of
guns and threatened with death if a man moved.
Then the firing was deliberately done, volley by
volley. The Negroes now dead are Tip Hudson,
Bud Cotton, Ed Wynn, Henry Bingham. Fatally shot
and now dying John Bigby. Shot but will recover
John Jameson. Arm broken George Tatum. Escaped
without injury Ison Brown, Clem Watts. The men
who were guarding the Negroes are well know and
prominent citizens of Palmetto, and were sworn in
only yesterday as a special guard for the
night. The commitment trial of the Negroes was
set for 9 o'clock this morning. Bud Cotton, who
was killed, had confessed to the burning of the
stores in Palmetto, and had implicated all the
others who had been arrested
33
Evidence piece 5 Source Info
Jim Crow Atrocities
Author/Creator Ida B. Wells-Barnett Source
http//www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/con
nections/afam-perspectives/thinking.html
34
Evidence piece 1
The Bonus Army
35
Evidence piece 1 Source Data
The Bonus Army

• .

Title Forgotten Men Creator(s) Carey Orr Date
Created/Published Chicago Tribune, July
1932 Repository San Francisco State
University http//userwww.sfsu.edu/scotty13/Carto
on.htm
36
Evidence piece 2
The Bonus Army
37
Evidence piece 2 Source Data
The Bonus Army
Left Side Right Side

• .

Title Veterans Bonus March, Washington D.C. Creator(s) Theodor Horydczak (ca. 1870-1971) Date Created/Published  July 1932 Repository Library of Congress http//hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/cph.3c15563 Title Veterans Bonus March, Washington D.C. Creator(s) Theodor Horydczak (ca. 1870-1971) Date Created/Published  July 1932 Repository Library of Congress http//hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/cph.3c15563
38
Evidence piece 3
The Bonus Army
39
Evidence piece 3 Source Data
The Bonus Army

• .

Title Bonus Army on Capitol lawn, Washington,
D.C. Creator(s) UnknownDate Created/Published 
July 13, 1932 Repository Library of
Congress http//www.loc.gov/pictures/item/20027229
14/3
40
Evidence piece 4
The Bonus Army
Bonus Marchers
41
Evidence piece 4 Source Data
The Bonus Army

• Title What, more boarders?
• Creator(s) Carmack, Paul R., 1895-1977, artist
• Date Created/Published 1934.
• Original Publication Christian Science Monitor
• Source Library of Congress http//www.loc.gov/exh
  ibits/treasures/trm203.html

42
Evidence piece 5
The Bonus Army
43
Evidence piece 5 Source Data
The Bonus Army

• Newspaper Article Rank and File (US military
  publication)
• Date December 5th, 1932
• Source http//www.loc.gov/exhibits/treasures/trm2
  03.html

44
Evidence piece 6
The Bonus Army
People keep advocating rebellion, but we are
curious to know what they want to rebel against.
The bonus marchers, if combined with the Kentucky
miners would probably spend their time arguing
about which grievance to support instead of doing
anything. Unemployment has become a business . .
. In a democracy, there are a thousand, ten
thousand groups. Each has its own particular
sorrow and its grievance there exists no common
tyranny against which to rebel, not even the
tyranny of hard times. If you mixed bonus
marchers with Kentucky miners, they would
probably spend the rest of their lives arguing
about what to rebel against . . . Being out of a
job perforates the walls of the mind, and
thoughts seep off into strange channels. To say
that the country is as rich as it ever was is a
joke something is gone that used to be herethe
spirit of millions of men is gone, and a mans
spirit is just as real a natural resource as gold
or wheat or lumber.
45
Evidence piece 6 Source Data
The Bonus Army

• Author E.B. White
• Date June 25, 1932
• Magazine Article The New Yorker Magazine
• Sourcehttp//www.newyorker.com/search/query?keywo
  rdBonus20army

46
Evidence piece 7
The Bonus Army
HOOVER DEFENSE IN CALLING OUT TROOPSThe text of
President Hoover's statement late yesterday in
defense of his action in calling out troops to
evacuate the bonus veterans, follows"A
challenge to the authority of the United States
Government has been met, swiftly and
firmly."After months of patient indulgence, the
Government met overt lawlessness as it always
must be met if the cherished processes of
self-government are to be preserved. We cannot
tolerate the abuse of constitutional rights by
those who would destroy all government, no matter
who they may be. Government cannot be coerced by
mob rule."The Department of Justice is pressing
its investigation into the violence which forced
the call for Army detachments and it is my
sincere hope that those agitators who inspired
yesterday's attack upon the Federal authority may
be brought speedily to trial in the civil courts.
There can be no safe harbor in the United States
of America for violence."Order and civil
tranquility are the first requisites in the great
task of economic reconstruction to which our
whole people now are devoting their heroic and
noble energies. This national effort must not be
retarded in even the slightest degree by
organized lawlessness."The first obligation of
my office is to uphold and defend the
Constitution and the authority of the law. This I
propose always to do."
47
Evidence piece 7 Source Data
The Bonus Army

• Newspaper Article President Hoover comments on
  use of federal troops
• Date Created/Published Washington Herald, July
  30, 1932
• Source http//www.ecommcode.com/hoover/hooveronli
  ne/hoover_and_the_depression/bonus_march/group_ind
  ex.cfm?GroupID14

48
Evidence piece 8
The Bonus Army
49
Evidence piece 8 Source Data
The Bonus Army

• Photograph Bonus Marchers clash with D.C. police
• Source http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FileBonus_ma
  rchers_05510_2004_001_a.gif

50
Evidence piece 9
The Bonus Army
51
Evidence piece 9 Source Data
The Bonus Army
Left Side Right Side

• .

Title Bonus Army shanty in flames, Washington D.C. Creator(s) Associated Press photoDate Created/Published July 13, 1932 Repository Library of Congress http//www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/macarthur/peopleevents/images/pandeAMEX89.jpg Title Fire set by U.S. Army, consuming camp of Bonus Expeditionary Forces Washington Monument in background. Creator(s) Associated Press photoDate Created/Published  July 1932 Repository KM Historic Photographs http//www.amazon.com/consuming-Expeditionary-Forces-Washington-Monument/dp/B004J6405M
52
Evidence piece 10
The Bonus Army
53
Evidence piece 10 Source Data
The Bonus Army

• Newsreel Footage US Army rousting Bonus Army
  from Encampments
• Source Universal Newspaper Newsreel
  http//www.youtube.com/user/UniversalNewsreels

54
Evidence piece 1
The Great Crash
55
Evidence piece 1 Source Data
The Great Crash

• Data Table
• Source AGRICULTURAL PRICES 1919 -1932
• UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE YEARBOOK
  OF AGRICULTURE, 1934

56
Evidence piece 2
The Great Crash
57
Evidence piece 2 Source Data
The Great Crash

• Title STOCKS COLLAPSE IN 16,410,030-SHARE DAY,
  BUT RALLY AT CLOSE CHEERS BROKERS BANKERS
  OPTIMISTIC, TO CONTINUE AID
• Date Published New York Times, October 29, 1929
• Source http//www.nytimes.com/learning/general/on
  thisday/991029onthisday_big.htmlarticle

58
Evidence piece 3
The Great Crash
59
Evidence piece 3 Source Data
The Great Crash
Left Side Right Side

• .

Title Prosperity Fact or Myth Author/Creator(s) Stuart ChaseDate Created/Published C. Boni. , 1929 Repository Library of Congress, http//lcweb2.loc.gov/service/mss/eadxmlmss/eadpdfmss/2008/ms008009.pdf Title Comparative Operating Experience of Consumer Installment Financing Agencies and Commercial Banks, 1929-41 Author/Creator(s)/Editor Ernst A. Dauer Date Created/Published National Bureau of Economic Research, 1944 Repository  National Bureau of Economic Research http//www.nber.org/books/daue44-1
60
Evidence piece 4
The Great Crash
61
Evidence piece 4 Source Data
The Great Crash

• Title Great Crash film clip
• Author/Creator(s) UnknownDate
  Created/Published 1929
• Repository Library of Congress

62
Evidence piece 5
The Great Crash
They used to tell me I was building a dream,And
so I followed the mobWhen there as earth to
plough or guns to bearI was always there right
on the job.The used to tell me I was building a
dreamWith peace and glory aheadWhy should I be
standing in line just waiting for bread?Once I
built a railroad, made it run,Made it race
against time.Once I build a railroad, Now its
doneBrother, can you spare a dime?
Once I built a tower, to the sunBrick and rivet
and lime,Once I built a tower,Now its
doneBrother, can you spare a dime?Once in
khaki suitesGee, we looked swellFull of that
Yankee Doodle-de-dum.Half a million boots went
sloggin' thru Hell,I was the kid with the
drum.Say, don't you remember, they called me
AlIt was Al all the timeSay, don't you remember
I'm your Pal!Buddy, can you spare a dime?
63
Evidence piece 5 Source Data
The Great Crash

• Title Brother, Can You Spare a Dime?
• Author/Creator(s) lyricist E. Y. "Yip" Harburg,
  composer Jay Gorner
• Date Created/Published 1931
• Repository Library of Congress

64
Evidence piece 6
The Great Crash
65
Evidence piece 6 Source Data
The Great Crash

• Title Hoover Election Campaign Poster
• Author/Creator(s) UnknownDate
  Created/Published 1928
• Repository Library of Congress

66
Evidence piece 7
The Great Crash
67
Evidence piece 7 Source Data
The Great Crash
Left Side Right Side

• .

Title While such things are possible Publication Des Moines Register  Creator(s) Jay Ding Darling Date Created/Published  November 10, 1928, Repository  National Archives http//blogs.archives.gov/hoover-blackboard/2010/04/13/political-cartoons/ Title An Awful Big Contract Publication Des Moines Register  Creator(s) Jay Ding Darling Date Created/Published  March 4, 1929 (Hoovers Inauguration Day) Repository  National Archives http//blogs.archives.gov/hoover-blackboard/2010/04/13/political-cartoons/
68
Evidence piece 1
The Response of Hoovers Administration
69
Evidence piece 1 Source Data
The Response of Hoovers Administration
Title Sorry, I cant shake hands right
now Publication Des Moines Register  Creator(s)
Unknown Date Created/Published  October
1931 Repository  Library of Congress
70
Evidence piece 2
The Response of Hoovers Administration
OUR GOVERNMENT IS FOUNDED ON A CONCEPTION THAT
IN TIMES OF GREAT EMERGENCY, WHEN FORCES ARE
RUNNING BEYOND THE CONTROL OF INDIVIDUALS OR
COOPERATIVE ACTION, BEYOND THE CONTROL OF LOCAL
COMMUNITIES OR THE STATES, THEN THE GREAT RESERVE
POWERS OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT SHOULD BE
BROUGHT INTO ACTION TO PROTECT THE PEOPLE. BUT
WHEN THESE FORCES HAVE CEASED THERE MUST BE A
RETURN TO STATE, LOCAL AND INDIVIDUAL
RESPONSIBILITY.
71
Evidence piece 2 Source Data
The Response of Hoovers Administration
Title Hoover Speech on his philosophy of
government Publication New York
Times  Creator(s) Herbert Hoover Date
Created/Published  October 1932 Repository 
National Archives
72
The Response of Hoovers Administration
Evidence piece 3
73
Evidence piece 3 Source Data
The Response of Hoovers Administration
Left Side Right Side

• .

Title Priming the Old Pump Publication New York Tribune   Creator(s) Jay Ding Darling Date Created/Published  April 8, 1930 Repository  National Archives http//blogs.archives.gov/hoover-blackboard/2010/04/13/political-cartoons/ Title The New Anti-Toxin Publication New York Tribune Creator(s) Jay Ding Darling Date Created/Published  January 20, 1932 Repository  National Archives http//blogs.archives.gov/hoover-blackboard/2010/04/13/political-cartoons/
74
Evidence piece 4
The Response of Hoovers Administration
75
Evidence piece 5 and Sources
Response of Hoovers Administration

• "We in America today are nearer to the final
  triumph over poverty than ever before in the
  history of any land. The poorhouse is vanishing
  from among us. (Presidential Candidate Herbert
  Hoover, 1928) Source National Archives

"I do not believe that the power and duty of the
General Government ought to be extended to the
relief of individual suffering. . . . The lesson
should be constantly enforced that though the
people support the Government the Government
should not support the people." (President
Herbert Hoover, 1930) Source National Archives
OUR GOVERNMENT IS FOUNDED ON A CONCEPTION THAT
IN TIMES OF GREAT
EMERGENCY, WHEN FORCES ARE RUNNING BEYOND THE
CONTROL OF INDIVIDUALS OR COOPERATIVE ACTION,
BEYOND THE CONTROL OF LOCAL COMMUNITIES OR THE
STATES, THEN THE GREAT RESERVE POWERS OF THE
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT SHOULD BE BROUGHT INTO ACTION
TO PROTECT THE PEOPLE. BUT WHEN THESE FORCES HAVE
CEASED THERE MUST BE A RETURN TO STATE, LOCAL AND
INDIVIDUAL RESPONSIBILITY. - PRESIDENT HERBERT
HOOVER, OCTOBER 1932 Source National Archives
76
Evidence piece 6
The Response of Hoovers Administration
77
Evidence piece 6
The Response of Hoovers Administration
Title Awful Job Creator(s) Date
Created/Published 1932 Repository Library of
Congress
78
Evidence piece 7 Source Data Library of
Congress
The Response of Hoovers Administration
Hoover Campaign Speech 1932 FDR Campaign Speech 1932

79
Evidence piece 8
The Response of Hoovers Administration
80
Evidence piece 8 Source Data
The Response of Hoovers Administration

• .

Title Going Home to Palo Alto, California Publication Des Moines Register  Creator(s) Jay Ding Darling Date Created/Published  March 10, 1933, Repository  National Archives http//www.ecommcode.com/hoover/hooveronline/hoover_bio/archive/after/private.htm
81
Guiding Question - What is the role of
government, the individual, and the community in
times of hardship? Where do they crossover, or do
they?
Government
Community
Individual
82
Primary Source Analysis ToolGuiding Question -
What is the role of government, the individual,
and the community in times of hardship? Where do
they crossover, or do they? Who makes a
difference? What should be the limits?
What inferences and/or observations can you make about this source? How do your observations and inferences connect with the guiding question? What questions do you still have? Can you frame your previous questions in an AP three level structure?
83
Consider this guiding question across time and
space. What other eras and/or events fit this
question? Today?