The LONG

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The LONG SHORT of GOVERNMENTS in Africa,
Asia, Southwest Asia
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What are the ways a citizen can participate in
their government?
AUTOCRATIC OLIGARCHIC DEMOCRATIC
How many citizens can participate? NONE A FEW ALL
Define it A government in which one person possesses unlimited power and the citizen has little if any role in the government. A government by the few, sometimes a government in which a small group exercises control especially for corrupt or selfish purposes. The citizen has a very limited role. A government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised by them directly or indirectly through a system of representation usually involving periodically held free elections
Picture it No citizens can participate in govt, because one person is in charge Their social class, ethnicity, or military status allows the few to hold the key to power All citizens participate in government
Other Facts think dictatorships, totalitarian, all powerful leader, authoritarian repressive government no individual freedoms government censorship propaganda Military, ethnic, economic, or social status determines who is the FEW in an oligarchy a majority of the population in an oligarchic has no voting rights, say in politics, and very few personal and economic freedoms. all people can vote in free and fair elections all people can voice their opinion in politics and criticize the leaders many political and economic freedoms republic does not equal a democracy
Examples Sudan Iran, China South Africa, Israel, Japan, India, Kenya
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What are the ways governments can distribute
power?
UNITARY FEDERAL CONFEDERATION
Define it Characterized by or constituting a form of governments in which power is held by one central authority Characterized by or constituting a form of government in which power is divided between one central and several regional authorities Voluntary associations of independent states that, to secure some common purpose, agree to certain limitations on their freedom of action and to achieve the common goal
Picture it
Other Facts All laws, policies, and decisions are made on one, national level. (think one story house!) Not a bad type of government. Unitary does not equal autocratic Most common form Laws and decisions are made on two or more levels some powers are reserved for the national level and other powers are made on a state level (think two story house!) Weak organization of states joining together for a common cause usual defense and trade Dont last long/ power struggles
Examples Iran, Israel, Saudi Arabia, Sudan Kenya, South Africa, India Organizations that are confederations UN OPEC
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Types of Government Review
Dictatorship A government in which a ruler or leader wields absolute power and is not restricted by laws or the constitution citizens have few rights How does a dictator come to power?
2 Types of Monarchies
Absolute Monarchy a monarchy that is not limited or restrained by laws or a constitution Constitutional Monarchy A government with a Emperor, King or Queen whose power is limited by the constitution or laws (position is a ceremonial role)
Republic A government where people elect representatives and give them the power to vote on issues for them Citizens are involved through their representatives (voting, writing, lobbying).
2 Types of Republics / Democracies
Parliamentary Republic / Democracy Chief executive is chosen by the legislature and is responsible to the legislature Draw it How is the Prime Minister elected? Presidential Republic / Democracy The President is elected independently of the legislature President is a separate branch of government Draw it How is the President elected?
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Type of Government Leadership Voting Personal Freedoms
IRAN Unitary Theocracy but they say it is a parliamentary democracy chief of state is Supreme Leader and head of state is President All citizens over 16 can vote - cannot vote for the Supreme Leader, chosen by Assembly of Experts Citizens cannot criticize the government or its leaders - No freedom of speech or press Must follow strict social and religious rules - based on Sharia
ISRAEL democratic, unitary, republic with a parliamentary system Prime Minister All citizens can vote at the age of 18 Freedom of speech and the media citizens are allowed to criticize the govt. Participate in free and fair elections
SAUDI ARABIA Unitary monarch King men over the age of 21 can vote if they ever have an election no freedom of speech or press -Majlis are open meetings to petition King or other officials Must follow strict social and religious rules and Sharia legal system
KENYA democratic, federal, republic President All citizens over 18 years of age can vote Freedoms are written into the constitution but the government is dominated by the president. Citizens can criticize the government or its leaders in limited amounts
SOUTH AFRICA democratic, federal, republic with a parliamentary system President elected by the parliament All citizens over 18 years of age can vote Personal freedoms are numerous. Apartheid has ended. Citizens can criticize the government or its leaders
SUDAN autocratic, unitary, dictatorship President it is more of a dictatorship All citizens over 17 years of age can vote but most govt. positions are appointed Limited personal freedoms Citizens cannot criticize the government or its leaders. No freedom of speech or press. Elections are supposed to be held in the future.
CHINA oligarchic, unitary communist state President is elected by NPC and Pres chooses Premier All citizens over the age of 18 can vote but candidates are approved by CCP Communist government has control over almost every aspect of Chinese life. Citizens cannot criticize the government or its leaders
INDIA democratic, federal, republic with a parliamentary system Prime Minister Universal suffrage at 18 years of age Freedom of speech and the media citizens are allowed to criticize the govt. in limited amounts
JAPAN democratic unitary with a parliamentary constitutional monarchy Prime Minister with an Emperor All citizens can vote over the age of 20 Freedom of speech and the media citizens are allowed to criticize the govt. Participate in free and fair elections
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Facts on CHINA
Although China is called a republic, true power lies with the ruling Communist Party. China has a President and a Premier. The President is the head of state while the Premier is the head of government. The President and Vice-President are elected by the National Peoples Congress. The Prime Minister is the head of the ruling party, the Chinese Communist Part. While there are elections for the National Peoples Congress, there is truly only one political party, the Chinese Communist Party. The State Council, which functions as a cabinet, is appointed by the National Peoples Congress.
Facts on INDIA
Although India is a republic, individual states are more tightly controlled by the central government than states in the United States. India has a President and a Prime Minister. The President is the head of state while the Prime Minister is the head of government. The President is elected by an electoral college to 5-year term. The Vice-President is elected by both houses of Parliament. The Prime Minister is generally the head of the party that enjoys a majority in the legislative branch. All citizens 18 and over may vote for their legislators. India became independent in 1947 from Great Britain under the leadership of Indias independence movement leader Mahatma Gandhi.
Facts on JAPAN
The Emperor of Japan (head of state) is merely a symbol of the state. True executive power resides with the Prime Minister (head of government), and the Cabinet of Ministers, who are part of the legislative branch of government. There are universal voting rights for all adult citizens. Japans parliament is called a Diet. The Diet is a two house or bi-cameral legislature. Japans constitution was created after WWII (adopted in 1947) and is modeled after the USAs constitution because of the American involvement in rebuilding of Japan.
Chief of state includes the name and title of the titular leader of the country who represents the state at official and ceremonial functions, but who may not be involved with the day-to-day activities of the government. Head of government includes the name and title of the top administrative leader who is designated to manage the day-to-day activities of the government.
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Place the 9 governments weve studied on the
continuum below
Justify your placement of the country as the worst government. Justify your placement of the country as the best government. Pick two countries from different regions and explain how they are similar.
Other Government fact list Saudi Arabia and Japan are monarchies, but different kinds Iran, Israel, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, China, and Japan are unitary Parliamentary systems include Israel, South Africa, India, and Japan Iran may say that they are a parliamentary republic but they are not.
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In a parliamentary government, unlike the presidential system, the head of government belongs to which branch? Judicial National Executive Legislative In which of these countries would the leader have to be a direct descendant of the prior leader of the country? a. Iran b. Israel c. Saudi Arabia d. Afghanistan
All citizens participate equally in which type of government? Oligarchy Democracy Autocracy theocracy As a Parliamentary form of government, how is the President of South Africa elected? All citizens vote for the president The national assembly elects the president The president is appointed by the Prime Minister. The president is elected by the cabinet.
In Japan, the prefectures (Japans word for states or provinces) do not have any independent authority. Instead, they carry out the laws and policies of the national government. This is an example of what system of government? Unitary Confederation Federal parliamentary In Nigerias government, power is divided between Central and regional authorities. This is an example of which government type? Unitary Confederation Federal parliamentary
In a parliamentary system, who is the head of government? Monarch Dictator President Prime Minister How does a democratic government differ from an oligarchic government? Role of the citizen Law making process Judicial system Role of individual states
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The emperor holds a ceremonial role as head of
state The prime minister is the head of
government The governments true power lies with
the Prime Minister and the Cabinet
a national government as well as 28 state
governments the leader of each state
legislature's majority is appointed governor by
the president citizens of each state elect state
legislatures

Based on the information above, which term identifies India's government? federal republic communist state constitutional monarchy autocratic confederation Based on the information above, which term identifies Japans government? federal republic communist state constitutional monarchy autocratic confederation
In Kenya males average 10 years of schooling and females 9 years. The literacy rate for males is 90 and females 80. In Sudan the literacy rate for males is 61 and for females 50. What could you conclude about the opportunity for education in the Sudan compared to Kenya? Females have less opportunity for education in Kenya than in Sudan. Females in Kenya have the same opportunity for education as males in Sudan. Females have the same opportunity for education in Kenya as in Sudan. Females have more opportunity for education in Kenya than Sudan. During the last half of the 20th century Africa has had numerous civil wars. Africa has a serious AIDS/HIV crisis. Over 70 of the people world-wide infected with AIDS live in sub-Saharan Africa. One of the major consequences of the numerous civil wars affecting the treatment of AIDS patients is Lack of medical training. Unsanitary drinking water. Over crowded refugee camps. Disruption in the distribution of medicine.
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How do politics in Africa impact standard of
living?
Access to Education in Africa
One of the factors that leads to an increased standard of living is the education level of a countrys population. In many countries access to education is limited in a number of ways. Access to education can be limited by laws, traditions, or customs. Looking at the per capita GDP of a country will help students determine the standard of living because there is often a correlation between low standards of living and low literacy rates. Obstacles to Education in Africa Gender HIV/AIDS Poverty Lack of teachers and schools Wars and civil wars
Government stability on the distribution of resources to combat AIDS and famine
Government instability, such as continued civil wars, political coups, or strong military/dictatorships has severe consequences on the ability of the governments in Africa to fight the issue of AIDS and famine. UNSTABLE GOVERNMENTS EXACERBATE MANY PROBLEMS IN AFRICA. HIV, which causes AIDS, is a worldwide epidemic. In Africa, the HIV/AIDS infection rate increased exponentially in the 1990s. HIV/AIDS now kills more Africans than any other disease and poses a public health crisis of unprecedented proportions. Countries in Africa that have worked to educate the public on the causes of the disease often have lower HIV/AIDS rate in Sub-Saharan Africa. Malnutrition and famine represent significant health challenges in Africa. In the 1980s and the 1990s, countries like Ethiopia, Somalia, and Sudan experienced famines that killed millions. According to the UN, 200 million people in Africa were chronically malnourished in 1999. Because wars and civil wars are a human cause of famine, countries with unstable governments are more likely to experience famine.