Becoming a Networking Expert

1
Becoming a Networking Expert

• Networking Hardware and Protocols

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Becoming a Networking Expert

1. Terminology
2. Hardware
3. Protocols

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Becoming a Networking Expert

• Basic Network

Source http//www.dummies.com/WileyCDA/DummiesArt
icle/id-2040.html
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Becoming a Networking Expert

• Networking Terminology
• Networks are often called LANs. LAN is an acronym
  that stands for local area network.
• A node is a computer connected to the network.
• When a computer is turned on and can access the
  network, the computer is said to be online. When
  a computer can't access the network it's offline.
  
• Don't confuse local area networks with the
  Internet.
• Networking the computers in your home or office
  so that they can share information with one
  another, and connecting your computer to the
  worldwide Internet are two entirely separate
  things.

Source http//www.dummies.com/WileyCDA/DummiesArt
icle/id-2040.html
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Becoming a Networking Expert

• Topology types
• Bus topology All devices are connected to a
  central cable, called the bus or backbone.
• Star topology All devices are connected to a
  central hub.
• Ring topology All devices are connected to one
  another in the shape of a closed loop, so that
  each device is connected directly to two other
  devices, one on either side of it.

. Source http//socrates.uhwo.hawaii.edu/BusAd/F
lower/330/networkdefinitions.html
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Becoming a Networking Expert

• Terminology
• bps (bits per second) A measurement of the speed
  at which data travels from one place to another.
  A 57,600 bps modem can transmit about 57,600 bits
  of data per second.
• Client A program that requests services from
  other programs or computers that are functioning
  as "servers" or "hosts."
• DNS (Domain Name Service) DNS servers translate
  symbolic machine names (such as www.google.com)
  into numerical IP addresses. For example,
  www.google.com is translated by DNS to
  128.223.142.13. Symbolic names are a great
  convenience because they are easier to remember
  than numerical IP addresses.

Source http//www.dummies.com/WileyCDA/DummiesArt
icle/id-2040.html
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Becoming a Networking Expert

• Terminology
• ftp (file transfer protocol) A way to transfer
  files from one computer to another via the
  Internet.
• Host A computer that provides services to other
  "client" computers on a network. On the Internet,
  a single computer often provides multiple host
  functions, such as processing email, serving web
  pages, and running applications.

Source http//cc.uoregon.edu/etiquette.htmlXtte9
6401
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Becoming a Networking Expert

• Terminology
• IP address A computer's unique Internet address
  usually looks like this 128.223.142.14. Most
  computers also have a "domain name" assigned to
  them, which represents cryptic IP addresses with
  words that are easier to remember like
  www.google.com
• Network Two or more computing devices connected
  together by wiring, cable, digital circuit, or
  other means. The Internet is a network that
  connects thousands of computer networks.

Source http//cc.uoregon.edu/etiquette.htmlXtte9
6401
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Becoming a Networking Expert

• Terminology
• Protocol A precise definition of how computers
  interact with one another on a network. In order
  for the Internet to work reliably, participants
  agree to set up their systems in accordance with
  a specific set of protocols, ensuring
  compatibility between systems.
• Server A computer or application that provides
  files, data, or some other central body of
  information to multiple "client" computers by
  means of a network.

Source http//cc.uoregon.edu/etiquette.htmlXtte9
6401
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Becoming a Networking Expert

• Terminology
• TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet
  Protocol) These are two of the main "protocols"
  of the Internet. To connect a computer to the
  Internet it must have some kind of TCP/IP
  communication software installed on it.
• URL (Uniform Resource Locator) A fancy term for
  the address of a World Wide Web page or other
  resource.
• World Wide Web A system of linked servers that
  distribute text, graphics, and multimedia
  information to users all over the world.

Source http//cc.uoregon.edu/etiquette.htmlXtte9
6401
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Becoming a Networking Expert

• Bandwidth A measure of information that can be
  transmitted at any given time. For digital
  devices, the bandwidth is usually expressed in
  bits per second (bps) or bytes per second. For
  analog devices, the bandwidth is expressed in
  cycles per second, or Hertz (Hz).

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Becoming a Networking Expert

• Hardware
• Hub
• An unintelligent network device that sends one
  signal to all of the stations connected to it.
• All computers/devices are competing for
  attention. It takes the data that comes into a
  port, and sends it out to all the other ports in
  the hub.

Source http//www.practicallynetworked.com/networ
king/bridge_types.htm
http//handsonhowto.com/lan102.html
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Becoming a Networking Expert

• Hardware
• Bridge
• A network bridge is a device that lets two
  networks talk to each other
• Connects two LANs and forwards or filters data
  packets between them.
• Creates an extended network in which any two
  workstations on the linked LANs can share data.
• Transparent to protocols and to higher level
  devices like routers.

Source http//www.homenethelp.com/
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Becoming a Networking Expert

• Hardware
• Switch
• Split large networks into small segments,
  decreasing the number of users sharing the same
  network resources and bandwidth.

Source http//projects.ischool.washington.edu/mcd
onald/courses/imt546_au04/pres-12.04/Basic20Netwo
rking20Hardware20Pre20Final201.ppt www.usb-swi
tch.com/4_port_data_switch_diagram.jpg
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Becoming a Networking Expert

• Hardware
• Router
• Physical devices that join multiple wired or
  wireless networks together .
• A device that connects any number of LANs.
• Routers are the only one of these four devices
  that will allow you to share a single IP address
  among multiple network clients

Source http//www.practicallynetworked.com/networ
king/bridge_types.htm
http//handsonhowto.com/lan102.html
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Becoming a Networking Expert

• Hardware
• Wireless LAN or WLAN
• Wireless local area network that uses radio waves
  as its carrier.

Source http//www.practicallynetworked.com/networ
king/bridge_types.htm
http//handsonhowto.com/lan102.html
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Becoming a Networking Expert

• Protocols
• HTTP Hyper Text Transport Protocol  A protocol
  used to transfer hypertext pages across the world
  wide web.
• TCP Transmission  Control  Protocol Is a
  protocol that enables a computer to send data to
  a remote computer. Unlike UDP, TCP is reliable
  i.e. packets are guaranteed to wind up at their
  target in the correct order.
• IP Internet Protocol IP is the underline
  protocol for all the other protocols in the
  TCP/IP protocol suite. IP defines the means to
  identify and reach a target computer on the
  network. Computers in the IP world are identified
  by unique numbers which are known as
  IP addresses. 

Source http//www2.rad.com/networks/1997/nettut/p
rotocols.html
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Becoming a Networking Expert

• Protocols
• HTTP HyperText Transport Protocol
• Hypertext is ordinary text that has been dressed
  up with extra features, such as formatting,
  images, multimedia, and links to other documents.
  
• Markup is the process of taking ordinary text and
  adding extra symbols. Each of the symbols used
  for markup in HTML is a command that tells a
  browser how to display the text.

Source http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTMLWhat_is_
HTML.3F
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Becoming a Networking Expert

• Protocols
• TCP Transmission  Control  Protocol
• TCP is one of the main protocols in TCP/IP
  networks.
• Whereas the IP protocol deals only with packets,
  TCP enables two hosts to establish a connection
  and exchange streams of data.
• TCP guarantees delivery of data and also
  guarantees that packets will be delivered in the
  same order in which they were sent.

Source http//www.webopedia.com/TERM/T/TCP.html
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Becoming a Networking Expert

• Protocols
• IP Internet Protocol
• IP specifies the format of packets, also called
  datagrams, and the addressing scheme.
• Most networks combine IP with a higher-level
  protocol called Transmission Control Protocol
  (TCP), which establishes a virtual connection
  between a destination and a source.
• IP by itself is something like the postal system.
  It allows you to address a package and drop it in
  the system, but there's no direct link between
  you and the recipient. TCP/IP, on the other hand,
  establishes a connection between two hosts so
  that they can send messages back and forth for a
  period of time.

Source http//www.webopedia.com/TERM/I/IP.html
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Becoming a Networking Expert
Source http//www.dl.ac.uk/TCSC/disco/Courses/IRI
XAdmin/sect7/s_7_p1_ip.html
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Becoming a Networking Expert