THE THYROID GLAND

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THE THYROID GLAND

• Allan Keast, ORL Surgeon

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Anatomy
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Anatomy
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Physiology

• Thyroid hormones upregulate metabolism
• T4 Thyroxine
• T3 triiodothyronine
• Calcium regulation
• Parathyroids (up)
• Calcitonin (down)
• ?significance in humans

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Physiology
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Diagnostic Tests

• Thyroid function tests

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Pathology

• AETIOLOGY
• Neoplastic
• Autoimmune
• Metabolic
• Iodine
• Congenital
• Cretinism

• EFFECT
• Mass effect
• Goitre
• Hyperthyroidism
• Hypothyroidism

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Pathology
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Cancer
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Treatment

• Thyroxine suppression
• Surgery
• Radioactive Iodine
• External beam Radiotherapy

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Surgery
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Surgery
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Surgery
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