Diversity

1
Diversity

• E. Heim FA09

2
RANC Objectives

• Identify vulnerable populations
• Recognize differences among identified
  populations
• Define innate characteristics
• Define acquired characteristics
• Contrast individual innate acquired
  characteristics based on
• Age
• Gender
• Race
• Abilities
• Individual life experiences
• Sexual orientation

3
Diverse Thinking Attitudes

• Invigorates Problem Solving
• Brain Dominance
• Right-brained? Creative, visionary ppl
• Left-brained? Preoccupied with details
• Balances out Bias
• Looks at Strengths Weaknesses
• Assertive persons
• recognize that everyone including themselves has
  both
• are comfortable with diversity
• more likely to accept supports others by
  recognizing using their strengths
• If the focus on weaknesses differences tears
  down self-esteem, makes ppl defensive or hostile
• Facilitates specialization a variety of
  careers/services

4
What is diversity?

• Learned behaviors
• Personal strengths weaknesses
• Native abilities or skills

• Culture
• Values
• Life experiences
• Instinctual responses

5
Characteristics

• Innate
• 1.existing in one from birth inborn native
• 2.inherent in the essential character of
  something
• 3.originating in or arising from the intellect or
  the constitution of the mind, rather than learned
  through experience (Source www.dictionary. Com)
• Acquired
• A physical or functional characteristic, acquired
  during growth and development, that is not
  genetically based and therefore cannot be passed
  on to the next generation (Source www.pbs.org).

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Characteristics of Diversity

• Secondary characteristics Less Obvious
• Socioeconomic status
• Education
• Occupation
• Length of time away from country of origin
• Gender issues
• Residential status
• Sexual orientation

• Primary characteristics Obvious
• Nationality
• Race
• Color
• Gender
• Age
• Religious beliefs

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Check yourself!

• Stereotype Oversimplified belief, conception or
  opinion about another person or group based on
  limited information.
• If primary characteristics are all you see, then
  you may fall into the trap of stereotyping
• Prejudice An opinion, prejudgment or attitude
  about an individual or a group
• Discrimination is behavior that treats people
  unequally based on their characteristics

8
How does diversity affect health health care?

• Time orientation
• Past, present, or future-oriented cultures
• Language communication
• ESL difficulties, even with interpreters
• Economic factors
• Costs, travel, illegal status, health insurance
• Health care system
• Availability, red tape, transportation, general
  distrust of HC workers/systems, lack of
  ethnic-specific HC programs, knowledge of HC
  resources, no primary provider (ER vs only)
• Beliefs practices
• Relevant care, fear/apprehension, mistrust of
  authority/govt, previous negative experience,
  folk medicine, herbal Tx, religion, unfamiliarity
  with Tx options, SS gonecured!

9
Disparity in Health Care

• In its 2002 publication, Unequal Treatment
  Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in
  Health Care," the Institute of Medicine reports
  that racial and ethnic minorities tend to receive
  a lower quality of health care than
  nonminorities, even when patients insurance
  status and income are controlled. The study
  committee found evidence that stereotyping,
  biases, and uncertainty on the part of health
  care providers all contribute to unequal
  treatment. The report calls for cross-cultural
  training for providers.
• Excellent resource website http//erc.msh.org/mai
  npage.cfm?file7.0.htmmoduleproviderlanguageEn
  glishggroupmgroup

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Diversity in North Carolina

• Total population 8,063,874
• Male 3,935,150
• Female 4,128,724
• Age 0-19 2.2 million
• Age 20-34 1.7 million
• Age 35-54 2.4 million
• gt 55yo 1.7 million
• White 70
• Black 21
• Hispanic 5
• Am. Indian 1
• Asian 1.5
• Mixed 1

http//www.census.gov/acs/www/Products/Profiles/Si
ngle/2002/ACS/Tabular/040/04000US371.htm
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What are Vulnerable Populations?

• Social groups with increased relative risk (i.e.
  exposure to risk factors) or susceptibility to
  health-related problems.
• AEB higher comparative mortality rates, lower
  life expectancy, reduced access to care, and
  diminished quality of life.
• Often discriminated against, marginalized and
  disenfranchised from mainstream society,
  contributing to their lower social status and
  lack of power in personal, social, and political
  relationships.

http//www.nursing.ucla.edu/orgs/cvpr/who-are-vuln
erable.html
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Vulnerable populations

• General Categories
• Physically or Mentally Disabled
• Cultura/Racel differences
• Geographically separated
• Limited economic resources
• Specific Categories
• Frail elderly
• Children
• Homeless
• Urban rural poor
• Racial or ethnic minorities
• Poorly educated
• Communication impaired (ESL or other)
• ETOH or substance abusers
• Homosexuals

13
Vulnerable Population Characteristics

• Contrast innate and acquired characteristics
  based on the following
• Age
• Race
• Gender
• Sexual orientation
• Abilities
• Individual life experiences

14
Age

• Chronologic Age
• Physical Growth
• Developmental Stages (see other ppt)
• Psychosocial, cognitive, moral
• Infancy
• Childhood
• Adolescence
• Young Adult
• Middle Adult
• Older Adult

Ch 11, 12, 13, 14
15
Race

• US Population 304,059,724 (2008, US Census
  Bureau)
• White74.1
• African American/ Black12.4
• Hispanic14.7
• American Indian0.8
• Asian4.3
• Biracial or Multiracial2.1

SEE http//68.71.208.15/Health/story?id5627305
page1
16
Gender

• Biological
• Male
• Female
• Gender Disorders
• Transsexualtrapped in a opposite body
• Transvestitedress like opposite sex but view
  selves as biological gender

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Sexual Orientation

• Sexual Orientation
• Heterosexual
• Homosexual
• Bisexual

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Abilities

• Physical
• Mental
• Social
• Cognitive
• Technical
• Professional
• Personal

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Individual Life Experiences

• Family History
• Education
• Work-experience
• Roles Spouse/Child, Parents/Grandparents
• War/Peace
• Illness/Health Issues
• Others

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Multiple Risk Factors
21
Nursing Vulnerable Populations

• Communication
• Advocacy
• Ethics
• Legal
• Bias

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How diverse are HC workers?

• In the US, minority populations make up about 25
  of the population
• In contrast
• 9 of the nurses
• 6 physicians
• 5 dentists
• Cultural Diversity website
• http//www.culturediversity.org/

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eheim productions ?

• All pictures in this PowerPoint are intended for
  educational purposes only and have been obtained
  through internet search engines such as Google
  MSN Live Search. I take no individual credit
  for content other than assembling them for
  presentation and learning opportunities.