Dermatological Conditions

1
Dermatological Conditions

• Chapter 12
• Pathology

2
Trauma to the Skin

• Blisters
• Hot spots, friction, bulla, improper clothing
• Tx drain if necessary, donut, topical
  antibiotic
• Burns
• What is difference in the severity of grades
• Who is at risk, interaction of some medications
• Calluses
• Proper foot care
• What is the cause?
• Chafing
• Brought on by sweating, improper clothing
  thighs, axilla, joggers nipples

3
Dermatitis/Eczema

• Dermatitis
• Brought on by dry skin, excessive bathing, low
  humidity
• Eczema
• Skin inflammation
• Usual symptoms
• Dry, flakey, itchy skin

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Contact Dermatitis

• Brought on by an allergic reaction
• Poison ivy, sumac, soap, clothing
• S/S - redness, blistering, itchy
• Tx
• Topical/oral corticosteroids
• Oral meds antihistamines, diphenhydramine

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Atopic Dermatitis

• Most common form of eczema
• Chronic disease
• Genetic disorder of skin sensitivity to many
  sources
• S/S
• Papules, vesicles, scaly lesions
• Extreme itching can lead to secondary infection
• Tx
• Corticosteroids for itching
• Antibiotics for infection
• Aveno soap, no dyes, natural material for
  clothing

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Chronic Eczema Acute Stage

• Large papules (possibly erupting)
• Hypo/hyperpigmentation
• Typical areas effected
• Children Extensor surfaces
• front of knees/back of elbows
• Adults Flexural surfaces
• Back of knees/front of elbows
• Exacerbations allergies stress
• Secondary Issues staph infection

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Ways to Prevent Tx of Dermatitis

• Simple Rules
• Treat the itch and avoid the irritant
• Corticosteroids, Benadryl/Sudafed(careful of
  sedation)
• Treat infection with proper meds
• Water/lanolin based lotion
• Avoid harsh soaps/perfume/cosmetics
• Avoid hot showers
• Wool clothing, control sweating

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Infections
Impetigo staph infection

• Bacterial Infections
• Enter through a break in the epidermis
• Staph
• Strep
• Pseudomonas

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Strep Infections

• Erysipelas -Invasion of deeper tissue
• Folliculitis infected hair follicule
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa
• Form of folliculitis contracted from whirlpools,
  hot tubs
• Red papules

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Staph Infections - Boils (furuncle)

• Exhibit drainage pus
• Highly infectious
• Difficult to distinguish from strep unless
  culture taken
• Transmitted skin-to-skin
• Tx topical or oral antibiotics

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Boils - treatment

• Invasion of deeper tissue
• Carbuncle multiple furuncles
• Transmitted with towels/clothing
• Tx
• Moist compress
• Donut
• Ickthamol ointment
• Pull out to release core, NEVER squeeze

12
Acne Mechanica

• Common adolescent illness
• Occurs when sebaceous glands become clogged
• No cure, but can be controlled with meds
• topical or systemic meds available

13
Fungal Infections

• Common in athletics
• warm, dark, moist environments
• worsened with restrictive clothing/equipment
  (chafing)
• Classestinea yeast

• Symptoms
• small patches of red, scaly, inflamed areas
• smooth (not elevated)
• severe itching

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Tinea Infections (fungal)

• Spreads easily
• Difficult to treat because of re-infection
• Symptoms improve with change in environment
• Often treatment gt1 month
• Tx 2wks after sys resolve

• Symptoms
• extreme itching
• red, scaling, inflamed lesions (fissures)
• yellowish drainage possible

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Tinea Pedis (Athletes foot)

• Most frequent tinea infection
• May accompany yeast infections
• 1-3 of people are carriers
• Rare in prepubertal children

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Tinea Cruris

• Jock itch
• often originates at feet
• may affect men or women
• aggravated by tight clothes
• spreads easily
• linens, towels, etc must be changed daily

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Tinea Corporis Gladiatorum

• Tinea of the body
• Ringworm
• Affects humans animals
• Circular pruritic patches--well defined with
  raised borders
• Common in wrestling

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Yeast Infections - Tinea Versicolor

• Yeast infection
• sun spots
• Most apparent after sun exposure (does not tan)
• Common in trunk, upper arms/legs, neck
• not contagious

• Resembles freckles
• May be asymptomatic or mildly pruritic
• Tx selenium sulfide shampoo or oral antibiotics

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Parasites - Scabies

• Extremely contagious (mite)
• Similar to eczema but no history of disease
• Kwell soap/shampoo
• Wash towels/sheets daily

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Head Lice

• Very common in children
• Contagious
• Dont confuse with dandruff

21
Viral Infections Herpes Simplex

• Cold sore, fever blister
• Common around lips/face
• Many OTC meds
• Contagious
• Lives in nerves, never goes away

22
Verruca vulgaris - Warts

• Found on Face, hands, feet (plantar warts)
• Many methods to destroy
• Often return