Title: Ethics in Daily Practice
1Ethics in Daily Practice
- Vicki Judd, MD., University of Utah
- Paul Myers, Ph.D., University of Portland
2Ethics Committee Members
- Paul Myers, Director, Univ. of Portland (chair,
voting member) (term 2008-2010) -
- Sam Alexander, Director, Univ. of Denver,
(secretary, voting member) (term 2008-2010) -
- Cathy Felix, Director at Cal. State, Chico
(voting member) (term 2010-2012) -
- John Kolligian, Exec. Director, Princeton Univ.
(voting member) (term 2010-2012) - Marc Hiller, Professor, Univ. New Hampshire
(voting member) (term 2009-2011) - Vicki Judd, Professor, University of Utah (voting
member) (term 2008-2010) - Chad Williams, Student, (voting member, so may or
may not be available for the second year)
2009-2010 - Jerry Wilmes, Director, NW Missouri State Univ.
(voting member) 2010-2012 - Eryn Oberlander, Psychiatrist, New York City
(voting member) 2010-2012 - Tim Crump, Liaison to ACHA Board of Directors and
Regional Representative for the Pacific Coast
College Health Association
3Objectives
- Describe ACHA Ethical Principles and Guidelines
- List the changes of the ACHA Ethical Principles
and Guidelines - Discuss the application of the ACHA Ethical
Principles and Guidelines to actual situations
4Quiz
- Which two ancient philosophers were also
physicians?
5Hippocrates and Aristotle
6Ethics of Hippocratic Medicine
- Harnessing the principles of nature as a guide to
healing - Be of benefit, do no harm
- Asclepius
- Practiced medicine for those who were healthy in
their nature but were suffering from a specific
disease he rid them of it then ordered them to
live as usualfor those however, whose bodies
were always in a state of inner sickness he did
not attempt to prescribe a regimen to make their
life a prolonged miserymedicine was not intended
for them and they should not be treated even if
they were richer than Midas. - Plato, The Republic
7Four Principles
- Establishment of 4 Principals(Beauchamp and
Childress) 1979A Reminder of What You Already
KnowA) BeneficenceB) Non-maleficenceC)
AutonomyD) Justice
8Beneficence
- Obligation to preserve life, restore health,
relieve suffering, and maintain function - To do good
- Nonabandonment obligation to provide ongoing
care - Conflict of interest must not engage in
activities that are not in students best interest
9Nonmaleficence
- Do no harm, prevent harm, and remove harm
10Autonomy
- Right to self-determination
- Requires decision making capacity
- Lack should be proven not assumed
- Competence legal determination
- Liberty freedom to influence course of
life/treatment
11Justice
- Allocation of resources must be fair and
according to need - Should not make decisions regarding individuals
based upon societal needs
12Values and Ethical Priorities
- Culture bestows values
- Values set up Morals
- Ethics are rules used to assist in making good
choices and avoiding bad choices
13Cultural Influence on Values
- Family
- Ethnicity
- Religion
- Race
- Economic status
- Education
- Life experiences
- Sexual orientation
- Gender
14Values
15Values
- Values are things that an individual believes to
be intrinsically worthwhile or desirable, that
are prized for themselves (e.g. truth, beauty,
honesty, justice, respect for people and the
environment).
16Values Examples
- Extend hospitality to strangers and travelers
- Give alms
- Dont trust professionals
- Us and Them
- Do unto others
- Idleness is the devil..
- Penny saved is penny earned
- There but for the grace of God, go I
- Dont share the familys business
- My dad would kill me!
- And
17Be sure you are right, then go ahead. Davy
Crockett 1786-1836
18Teddy Roosevelt said, To educate a person in
mind and not in morals is to educate a menace to
society.
19Values Examples
- Education without values, as useful as it is,
seems rather to make man a more clever devil.
C. S. Lewis
20President Lincoln said Honor is better than
honors.
21When the situation needs improvement, Gandhi
offers guidance You must be the change you wish
to see in the world.
22The reputation of a thousand years may be
determined by the conduct of one
hour. Japanese proverb
23To see what is right and not to do it is want of
courage. (Confucius)
24Values Examples
It behooves every man who values liberty of
conscience for himself, to resist invasions of it
in the case of others or their case may, by
change of circumstances, become his own. Thomas
Jefferson
- It behooves every man who values liberty of
conscience for himself, to resist invasions of it
in the case of others or their case may, by
change of circumstances, become his own. Thomas
Jefferson
25MORALITY
- Morality involves peoples' views of what is good,
right, or proper their beliefs about their
obligations and their ideas about how they
should behave. - Morality concerns duties and obligations to one
another and is characterized by words such as
right, ought, just, and fair.
26Inventory of Applicable Principles
27Inventory of Applicable Principles
- Justice
- Care
- Fidelity
- Honesty
- Trustworthiness
- Personal Autonomy
- Liberty
- Accountability
- No Harm
- Happiness
- Do Good
- Role Fidelity
- Professional Autonomy
- Confidentiality
- Pain Avoidance
28ETHICS
- Ethics is the study of right and wrong, duties
and obligations. - Ethics involves critical reflection on morality,
including the ability to make choices between
values and the examination of the moral
dimensions of relationships.
29AHCAs Ethical Principles
- Ensure respect and autonomy
- Promote Justice
- Protect privacy
- Do no harm
- Provide beneficial and caring services
30ACHA Ethical Guidelines
- Responsibility in the Provision of Services
- Professional Responsibility and Competence
- Responsible and Ethical Relationships
- Responsibility to Ones Institution
- Responsibility to the American College Health
Association (ACHA) and to the Field of College
Health
31What Does a Code of Ethics Do?
- Creates a professions sense of identity
- Identifies the issues the profession cares about
and wants new members to care about - Communicates with those outside the profession
what they can expect from its members
32PROFESSIONAL ETHICS
- The moral commitments of a profession that
- involve moral reflection that extends and
enhances the personal morality practitioners
bring to their work, - concern actions of right and wrong in the
workplace, and - help individuals resolve moral dilemmas they
encounter in their work.
33Recommendations
- ACHA members expected to uphold the principles
and guidelines - Use this document as a guide in day to day
practice and when breaches in ethics are evident
34Suggested Resources
- The following are suggested reading materials
from the Ethics Committee. ACHA does not endorse
or accept responsibility for the content or use
of external websites or materials. - Institute for Global Ethics http//www.globalet
hics.org - The Ethics of Health Care A Guide for Clinical
Practice, by Raymond S. Edge and John Randall
Groves Foundations of Ethical Practice,
Research and Teaching in Psychology, by Karen
Strohm KitchenerPrinciples of Biomedical
Ethics, 5th Edition, by Tom L. Beauchamp James
F. Childress
35Suggested Resources
- Gough, R. W. (1998). Character is destiny.
Rocklin, CA Prima. Kidder, R. M. (2005). Moral
courage. New York HarperCollins Publishers
Corey, G., Corey M.S., and Callanan, P. (2007).
Issues and ethics in the helping professions.
Pacific grove, CA Brooks/Cole. Callanan, P.
(2004). The cheating culture. New York Harcourt
Inc. - Fadiman, A. (1998). The spirit catches you and
you fall down A Hmong child, her American
doctors and the collision of two cultures.
Kidder, T. (2003). Mountains beyond mountains
The quest of Dr. Paul Farmer. Mortenson, G.
Relin, D.O. (2006). Three cups of tea One man's
mission to promote peace one school at a time. -
36How can ethics be used is real life situations?
37Discuss Sources of Similarity and Difference
Among Participants in Both Process and Outcomes
of These Analyses
- Small Group Discussion of Case Examples
- Principles and Guidelines Used
- Cultural, Professional Diversity Considerations
- Ethical Method Employed
- What will, or might happen?
- Large Group Sharing of Similarities and
Differences Identified
38Small Group Discussion Time
- Pick a scribe for reporting back to large group
- Identify a case situation, unpack it
- Apply different principles and actors from
different perspectives and backgrounds - Track what principles or guidelines are
applicable, or at odds with one another
39Reports to the Large Group
- What was your groups case situation?
- What were key issues/dilemmas?
- What principles were involved?
- What role did diversity play?
- Other highlights?