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Ethics in Daily Practice

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Ethics in Daily Practice Vicki Judd, MD., University of Utah Paul Myers, Ph.D., University of Portland Ethics Committee Members Paul Myers, Director, Univ. of ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Ethics in Daily Practice


1
Ethics in Daily Practice
  • Vicki Judd, MD., University of Utah
  • Paul Myers, Ph.D., University of Portland

2
Ethics Committee Members
  • Paul Myers, Director, Univ. of Portland (chair,
    voting member) (term 2008-2010)
  •  
  • Sam Alexander, Director, Univ. of Denver,
    (secretary, voting member) (term 2008-2010)
  •   
  • Cathy Felix, Director at Cal. State, Chico
    (voting member) (term 2010-2012)
  •  
  • John Kolligian, Exec. Director, Princeton Univ.
    (voting member) (term 2010-2012)
  • Marc Hiller, Professor, Univ. New Hampshire
    (voting member) (term 2009-2011)
  • Vicki Judd, Professor, University of Utah (voting
    member) (term 2008-2010)
  • Chad Williams, Student, (voting member, so may or
    may not be available for the second year)
    2009-2010
  • Jerry Wilmes, Director, NW Missouri State Univ.
    (voting member) 2010-2012
  • Eryn Oberlander, Psychiatrist, New York City
    (voting member) 2010-2012
  • Tim Crump, Liaison to ACHA Board of Directors and
    Regional Representative for the Pacific Coast
    College Health Association

3
Objectives
  • Describe ACHA Ethical Principles and Guidelines
  • List the changes of the ACHA Ethical Principles
    and Guidelines
  • Discuss the application of the ACHA Ethical
    Principles and Guidelines to actual situations

4
Quiz
  • Which two ancient philosophers were also
    physicians?

5
Hippocrates and Aristotle
6
Ethics of Hippocratic Medicine
  • Harnessing the principles of nature as a guide to
    healing
  • Be of benefit, do no harm
  • Asclepius
  • Practiced medicine for those who were healthy in
    their nature but were suffering from a specific
    disease he rid them of it then ordered them to
    live as usualfor those however, whose bodies
    were always in a state of inner sickness he did
    not attempt to prescribe a regimen to make their
    life a prolonged miserymedicine was not intended
    for them and they should not be treated even if
    they were richer than Midas.
  • Plato, The Republic

7
Four Principles
  • Establishment of 4 Principals(Beauchamp and
    Childress) 1979A Reminder of What You Already
    KnowA) BeneficenceB) Non-maleficenceC)
    AutonomyD) Justice

8
Beneficence
  • Obligation to preserve life, restore health,
    relieve suffering, and maintain function
  • To do good
  • Nonabandonment obligation to provide ongoing
    care
  • Conflict of interest must not engage in
    activities that are not in students best interest

9
Nonmaleficence
  • Do no harm, prevent harm, and remove harm

10
Autonomy
  • Right to self-determination
  • Requires decision making capacity
  • Lack should be proven not assumed
  • Competence legal determination
  • Liberty freedom to influence course of
    life/treatment

11
Justice
  • Allocation of resources must be fair and
    according to need
  • Should not make decisions regarding individuals
    based upon societal needs

12
Values and Ethical Priorities
  • Culture bestows values
  • Values set up Morals
  • Ethics are rules used to assist in making good
    choices and avoiding bad choices

13
Cultural Influence on Values
  • Family
  • Ethnicity
  • Religion
  • Race
  • Economic status
  • Education
  • Life experiences
  • Sexual orientation
  • Gender

14
Values
  • What do you value?

15
Values
  • Values are things that an individual believes to
    be intrinsically worthwhile or desirable, that
    are prized for themselves (e.g. truth, beauty,
    honesty, justice, respect for people and the
    environment).

16
Values Examples
  • Extend hospitality to strangers and travelers
  • Give alms
  • Dont trust professionals
  • Us and Them
  • Do unto others
  • Idleness is the devil..
  • Penny saved is penny earned
  • There but for the grace of God, go I
  • Dont share the familys business
  • My dad would kill me!
  • And

17
Be sure you are right, then go ahead. Davy
Crockett 1786-1836
18
Teddy Roosevelt said, To educate a person in
mind and not in morals is to educate a menace to
society.


19
Values Examples
  • Education without values, as useful as it is,
    seems rather to make man a more clever devil.
    C. S. Lewis

20
President Lincoln said Honor is better than
honors.
21
When the situation needs improvement, Gandhi
offers guidance You must be the change you wish
to see in the world.
22
The reputation of a thousand years may be
determined by the conduct of one
hour. Japanese proverb
23
To see what is right and not to do it is want of
courage. (Confucius)
24
Values Examples
It behooves every man who values liberty of
conscience for himself, to resist invasions of it
in the case of others or their case may, by
change of circumstances, become his own. Thomas
Jefferson
  • It behooves every man who values liberty of
    conscience for himself, to resist invasions of it
    in the case of others or their case may, by
    change of circumstances, become his own. Thomas
    Jefferson

25
MORALITY
  • Morality involves peoples' views of what is good,
    right, or proper their beliefs about their
    obligations and their ideas about how they
    should behave.
  • Morality concerns duties and obligations to one
    another and is characterized by words such as
    right, ought, just, and fair.

26
Inventory of Applicable Principles
  • ?

27
Inventory of Applicable Principles
  • Justice
  • Care
  • Fidelity
  • Honesty
  • Trustworthiness
  • Personal Autonomy
  • Liberty
  • Accountability
  • No Harm
  • Happiness
  • Do Good
  • Role Fidelity
  • Professional Autonomy
  • Confidentiality
  • Pain Avoidance

28
ETHICS
  • Ethics is the study of right and wrong, duties
    and obligations.
  • Ethics involves critical reflection on morality,
    including the ability to make choices between
    values and the examination of the moral
    dimensions of relationships.

29
AHCAs Ethical Principles
  • Ensure respect and autonomy
  • Promote Justice
  • Protect privacy
  • Do no harm
  • Provide beneficial and caring services

30
ACHA Ethical Guidelines
  • Responsibility in the Provision of Services
  • Professional Responsibility and Competence
  • Responsible and Ethical Relationships
  • Responsibility to Ones Institution
  • Responsibility to the American College Health
    Association (ACHA) and to the Field of College
    Health

31
What Does a Code of Ethics Do?
  • Creates a professions sense of identity
  • Identifies the issues the profession cares about
    and wants new members to care about
  • Communicates with those outside the profession
    what they can expect from its members

32
PROFESSIONAL ETHICS
  • The moral commitments of a profession that
  • involve moral reflection that extends and
    enhances the personal morality practitioners
    bring to their work,
  • concern actions of right and wrong in the
    workplace, and
  • help individuals resolve moral dilemmas they
    encounter in their work.

33
Recommendations
  • ACHA members expected to uphold the principles
    and guidelines
  • Use this document as a guide in day to day
    practice and when breaches in ethics are evident

34
Suggested Resources
  • The following are suggested reading materials
    from the Ethics Committee.  ACHA does not endorse
    or accept responsibility for the content or use
    of external websites or materials.
  • Institute for Global Ethics  http//www.globalet
    hics.org
  • The Ethics of Health Care A Guide for Clinical
    Practice, by Raymond S. Edge and John Randall
    Groves Foundations of Ethical Practice,
    Research and Teaching in Psychology, by Karen
    Strohm KitchenerPrinciples of Biomedical
    Ethics, 5th Edition, by Tom L. Beauchamp James
    F. Childress

35
Suggested Resources
  • Gough, R. W. (1998). Character is destiny.
    Rocklin, CA Prima. Kidder, R. M. (2005). Moral
    courage. New York HarperCollins Publishers
    Corey, G., Corey M.S., and Callanan, P. (2007).
    Issues and ethics in the helping professions.
    Pacific grove, CA Brooks/Cole. Callanan, P.
    (2004). The cheating culture. New York Harcourt
    Inc.
  • Fadiman, A. (1998). The spirit catches you and
    you fall down A Hmong child, her American
    doctors and the collision of two cultures.
    Kidder, T. (2003). Mountains beyond mountains
    The quest of Dr. Paul Farmer. Mortenson, G.
    Relin, D.O. (2006). Three cups of tea One man's
    mission to promote peace one school at a time.

36
How can ethics be used is real life situations?
37
Discuss Sources of Similarity and Difference
Among Participants in Both Process and Outcomes
of These Analyses
  • Small Group Discussion of Case Examples
  • Principles and Guidelines Used
  • Cultural, Professional Diversity Considerations
  • Ethical Method Employed
  • What will, or might happen?
  • Large Group Sharing of Similarities and
    Differences Identified

38
Small Group Discussion Time
  • Pick a scribe for reporting back to large group
  • Identify a case situation, unpack it
  • Apply different principles and actors from
    different perspectives and backgrounds
  • Track what principles or guidelines are
    applicable, or at odds with one another

39
Reports to the Large Group
  • What was your groups case situation?
  • What were key issues/dilemmas?
  • What principles were involved?
  • What role did diversity play?
  • Other highlights?
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