AMADEUS:

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AMADEUS status and plans
Antikaon Matter At DA?NEExperiments with
Unraveling Spectroscopy
Catalina Curceanu, LNF - INFN on behalf of the
AMADEUS Collaboration 33rd LNF SC meeting, 27-28
November 2006
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Contents

1. Introduction
2. The (enriched) case of AMADEUS
3. The framework of the AMADEUS Proposal
4. Towards AMADEUS realization
5. Determination of the neutron detection efficiency
   of the KLOE e.m. calorimeter KLONE experiment
6. Implementation of the AMADEUS setup within KLOE
7. Progress in the analysis of the Helium data of
   the KLOE Drift Chamber
8. Conclusions

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1. Introduction
4
Letter of Intent
Study of deeply bound kaonic nuclear states at
DA?NE2 AMADEUS Collaboration
111 scientists from 33 Institutes of 13 Countries
signed the Letter of Intent
March 2006
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2. The (enriched) case of AMADEUS
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The case for AMADEUS

• Problem

How the spontaneous and explicit chiral symmetry
breaking pattern of low energy QCD changes in the
nuclear environment
How the hadron masses and interactions change in
the nuclear medium

• Approach
• New type of in-medium hadron mass
  spectroscopy
• Method
• Producing deeply bound states from which to
  deduce the hadron-nucleus potential and the
  in-medium hadron mass

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Deeply bound kaonic nuclear states

• Deeply bound kaonic nuclear states in presence
  of a strong KN attractive potential were
  firstly suggested by Wycech S. Wycech,
  Nucl. Phys. A450 (1986) 399c
• A new paradigm in strangeness nuclear physics
  can be considered the work Nuclear bound
  states in light nuclei by Y. Akaishi and
  T. Yamazaki Phys. Rev. C65 (2002) 044005

Strong attractive I0 KN interaction favors
discrete nuclear states bound100-200 MeV and
narrow 20-30 MeV shrinkage effect of a K on
core nuclei
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Prediction of Lightest Kaonic Nuclear Systems
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The KN interaction
In-medium effects on the dynamics of the ? (1405)
Influence of the nuclear medium (Pauli blocking)
on the formation of the ?(1405)
Role of a bound state below threshold
C. Guaraldo talk at 32 LNF-SC
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The scientific case of the kaonic nuclear
clusters was discussed in dedicated meetings and
Workshops seminars (at LNF S. Wycech B.
Borasoy) Exotic hadronic atoms, deeply bound
nuclear states and antihydrogen present results
and future held at ECT (Trento), on June 19-24,
2006 IVth International Conference on Quarks and
Nuclear Physics (QNP06) Madrid,  June 5th-10th
2006 IX International Conference on
Hypernuclear and Strange Particle Physics 10-14
October 2006, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität
Mainz


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 -         information concerning the
modification of the kaon mass and of the KN
interaction in the nuclear medium gt interesting
and important from the viewpoint of the
spontaneous and explicit symmetry breaking of QCD
 -         information on the transition from
the hadronic phase to a quark-gluon phase gt
changes of vacuum properties of QCD and quark
condensate  -         kaon condensation in
nuclear matter gt implications in astrophysics
(neutron stars, strange stars)- nuclear
dynamics under extreme conditions (nuclear
compressibility, etc) could be investigated
Kaonic Nuclear Clusters contribution to
fundamental physics
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The enriched case of AMADEUS Low energy KN and
K-Nucleus physics
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all present to ECT Workshop EURIDICE The
Final Meeting. Effective theories of colours and
flavours from EURODAPHNE to EURIDICE Kazinierz,
Poland, August 24-27, 2006
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3. The framework of the AMADEUS Proposal
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The framework of the AMADEUS Proposal

• Experiments
• Present KEK E471, E549, E570 DA?NE
  FINUDA GSI FOPI
• others (old-Dubna)
• analyses of the recently collected
  data are in progress
• Future new data from FOPI, FINUDA , JPARC
  (--gtE15), FAIR(?)
• Theory
• Debate in progress, including alternative
  interpretations of the data so far obtained
• until new complete experimental results are
  available

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Summary of the Search for Deeply Bound Kaonic
States
?
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AMADEUS design considerations

• The only way to confirm, or deny, the exotic
  states is to perform a good measurement
  using a high performance detector on the
  most suitable accelerator

a measurement NOT performed until now
complete determination of all formation and decay
channels
binding energies, partial and total widths,
angular momenta, isospin, sizes, densities, etc
? Detection of charged particles, neutrons and
photons up to about 800 MeV/c in 4?
geometry Requirements satisfied by the
performance of the KLOE detector
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4. Realizing AMADEUS
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Realizing AMADEUS

• determination of the neutron detection
  efficiency of the KLOE e.m. calorimeter
• Implementation of the AMADEUS setup within
  KLOE
• Analysis of the KLOE Drift Chamber Helium data

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5. Determination of the neutron detection
efficiency of the KLOE e.m. calorimeter gt KLONE
experiment
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Range of interest of neutron energies
The ejected primary neutrons in the formation
process (monochromatic component) have a
momentum of about 510 MeV/c (energy about 140
MeV).
Neutrons produced in the tribaryon decay channel
Lpn (continuous component) have momenta
starting from few tens MeV/c till about 600
MeV/c (energy about 180 MeV)
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Neutron detection efficiency of the KLOE
calorimeter

• Barbara Sciascias talk at
• this Committee

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KLONE calorimeter efficiencyPreliminary results

• High efficiency in agreement with
• MCarlo simulation results
• (AMADEUS and FLUKA)

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Conclusions from KLONEfor AMADEUS

• The measured global n efficiency for the KLOE
  calorimeter for 1 4 MeV thresholds, ranges
  between 30-50
• Confirms the assumption made in the AMADEUS LOI
• for the proposed scientific program

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6. Implementation of the AMADEUS setup within KLOE
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AMADEUS setup within KLOE
KLOE EMC
KLOE Drift Chamber
Possible setup for AMADEUS within
KLOE Cryogenic target Inner tracker Kaon trigger
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AMADEUS setup

• There are presently 2/3 versions
• without a vertex/inner tracking detector
  (minimal version)
• - with a vertex/inner tracker detector

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The kaon trigger

• The same in both versions with half toroidal
  cryogenic target
• optimal solution for a kaon trigger system,
  consisting of
• two cylindrical inner-layer scintillating fibers
  detectors x-y position within
  1mm for an angle of 60 (to be defined) between
  the two layers
• three half cylindrical outer-layer scintillating
  fibers detectors
• with inner and outer scintillating fibers layers
  a track reconstruction is possible,
  therefore with the magnetic field of
  KLOE K and K- are distinguishable

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AMADEUS setup-minimal version
(with the collaboration of Vincenzo Patera)
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We need the position of the K- stop primary
vertex Then the kaon tracker might be essential
(under study in collaboration with
KLOE) Second version of AMADEUS setup
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AMADEUS setup- second version (in collaboration
with KLOE - for vertex detector)
KLOE and AMADEUS had few meetings in which the
vertex/inner tracking detector was discussed A
common solution is emerging location of the
detector in such a way that both KLOE and AMADEUS
can use it

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AMADEUS setup- second version (in collaboration
with KLOE - for vertex detector)
Technical solutions (type of detector and
readout electronics) and plans for prototyping
and testing are being discussed and under
evaluation
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AMADEUS setup- second version (in collaboration
with KLOE - for vertex detector)

• A tracking/vertex detector (a Time Projection
  Chamber (TPC) with GEM-readout in this example)
  is surrounding the half toroidal cryogenic target
  cell with the (previous) kaon trigger
  configuration.
• Alternative, if the background rate is too high
  (to be checked with FINUDA inner-tracker) a
  multi-layer cylindrical GEM detector is in
  discussion might be necessary
  

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AMADEUS setupsecond version
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AMADEUS setup- second version(in collaboration
with KLOE - for vertex detector)

• In case of low background it is possible to use a
• full toroidal cryogenic target cell
• In this case, the kaon trigger is made of
• two inner-layers of scintillating fibres
• x-y determination due to the crossing of the
  fiber-layers with an angle of 60
• two outer-layers of scintillating fibres
• x-y determination due to the crossing of the
  fiber-layers with an angle of 60
• additional fast timing information for charged
  particles background suppression for inner
  tracking detector (TPCGEM)

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AMADEUS setup with full toroidal cryogenic target
cell
vacuum chamber
kaon trigger 2 inner-layer of scintillating
fiber fiber size 1x1mm2
full toroidalcryogenic target cell
thin-walled beam pipe
2 outer-layer of scintillating fiber fiber size
1x1mm2
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Cryogenic toroidal
target cell working temperature 5 -10
K working pressure lt 2 bar thin-walled
design 75µm Kapton, with aluminum grid
reinforcement (grid
transmission gt 85 ) inner diameter
110 mm outer diameter 210 mm
inner length 120 mm
outer length 200 mm
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Results of preliminary MonteCarlo simulations for
AMADEUS setup with optimized degrader and
cryotarget
peak luminosity
3 10-30 cm2 F production cross
section
0.49 branching ratio for K
production rate for charged kaon pairs
R L s b 1500 s-1
produced K per month 31 108 (80 duty
cycle assumed)
1033 cm-2s-1
40 are stopped in the cryogenic He gas target
(15 liq. He density, 5 cm thick) ? 12.5 108
K- 4He atoms per month

• for 10-3 cluster formation yield
• 12.5 105 kaonic clusters formed in one month
• Efficiency of tracking identification K
  detection of decay products ? 105 events per
  month ( 1000 pb-1)

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Event Display for ppnK- Decay
ppnK- ? S0 n p ? g L
? p- p
KLOE-EMC
??
?-
KLOE-DC
p
p
?
?-
K-stopped
?
n
TPC-GEM
Kaon trigger
Interaction region
Segmented degrader
Cryogenic target cell
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7. Data analysis of 2 fb-1 KLOE existing data
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Data analysis of the 2 fb-1 KLOE data to search
for kaonic nuclear clusters produced in the
reaction 4He(K-stopped, nucleon)


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Pre-experiment Proposal to KLOE

• Preliminary Monte Carlo simulations shows that
  with 2 fb-1 one might have
• and
• type events

K- 4He -gt p (K-pnn) p 550 MeV/c
K- 4He -gt n (K-ppn) n 510 MeV/c

31th LNF Scientific Committee
CC,JZ / Nov. 29, 2005
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Signature for ppnK- Decay
4He K- ?
ppnK- n
decay ?
p n
p ?-
n
?-
n
?-
p
p
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AMADEUS MonteCarlo to get the K- stopped in
Helium of DC
0.3 stopped in the gas of the chamber
(blue) dotted line for gammas (red) solid
line for charged particles (except muons) (black)
blank/dotted line for neutral hadrons or
neutrinos (green) dashed line for muons (yellow)
dotted line for Cerenkov photons
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AMADEUS preliminary estimate

• 0.3 K- stopped in the gas of the chamber
• 3 10-3 3 109 9 106 (K- 4He) atoms
• For a cluster yield of 10-3 104 kaonic
  clusters
• One should take into account
• Efficiency of tracking identification K
  detection of p, n and of the decay products

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What happened in the last months

• Mixed team KLOE-AMADEUS got formed and started to
  work
• Training of AMADEUS team by the KLOE Kcharged
  team
• KLOE MCarlo dedicated production and start
  analysis
• First results

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Start MC analysis

• Actions
• Start dedicated MonteCarlo Ntuple production
• Start to learn how to treat the data in order to
  obtain the final number of stopped kaons
  optimization of the strategy of data analysis and
  learn how to treat the final data (how to tag,
  what to ask in order to have enhanced recognition
  of the kaonic nuclear clusters, efficiencies,
  background, etc.)
• First results

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Charged Kaon Monte Carlo

• As an exercise study K stop

Signal side K
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K ? µ ?
Pµ
P?
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K ? µ ?
1.3 stopped
0.2 stopped inside the DC's
0.5 stopped inside the DC-wall (Carbon)
0.05 stopped in the beam pipe (Berillium)
? vs. Z (cm)
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• Signal side K-

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Nuclear Interactions K- N
1.2 of K- undergoing Nuclear interaction
K-
K
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Nuclear Interactions K- N
K- stopped (with quality cuts)
0.2 stopped inside the DC's z lt 140
cm 26 lt ? lt 180 cm
? vs. Z (at last DC measurement)
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Nuclear Interactions K- N
K- stopped (quality cuts)
0.1 stopped inside the DC's z lt 140
cm 40 lt ? lt 150 cm
? vs. Z (at last DC measurement)
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Preliminary results (updated)

• 0.1-0.2 K- stopped in the gas of the chamber
• 1-2 10-3 3 109 3-6 106 (K- 4He)
  atoms
• For a cluster yield of 10-3 3 - 6 x 103
  kaonic clusters
• Next step
• Evaluate the various efficiencies tracking
  identification K detection of p, n and of the
  decay products

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Future plans

• Finalize the MCarlo analyses by evaluating the
  various efficiencies in formation/decay processes
  (numbers of expected reconstructed events)
• Start preliminary analysis of the final data (on
  a small data set) in order to understand
  background and to tune the strategy of the
  overall data analysis
• Start massive real data analyses under the
  supervision of KLOE team, as soon as data will be
  available for analyses
• Investigate possibility to look for low energy
  kaon/- interactions

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7. Conclusions
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Letter of Intent
Study of deeply bound kaonic nuclear states at
DA?NE2 AMADEUS Collaboration
Confirmed their interest/participation
111 scientists from 33 Institutes of 13 Countries
signed the Letter of Intent
March 2006
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From AMADEUS LOI
Possibly at DAFNE with Luminosity upgrade (before
J-PARC, FOPI, FAIR)
Further requests (other targets) depend on the
results of these first measurements The AMADEUS
enriched program (KN and K-Nuclei Physics) can
be done partially in parallel with previous
one Some measurements (scattering) might need
dedicated beam-time
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Conclusions (1)

• The AMADEUS Collaboration aims to perform the
  most complete experimental effort ever done so
  far in searching for deeply bound kaonic nuclear
  clusters using, for the first time, a 4?
  dedicated detector capable of detecting all
  charged and neutral particles created in both
  formation and decay of kaonic clusters.
• AMADEUS can perform fundamental measurements in
  the sector of kaon-nucleon and kaon-nuclei
  physics -gt enriched program

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Conclusions (2)

• 2. To realize the programme, the AMADEUS setup -
  cryogenic target, kaon trigger, vertex/inner
  tracker - must be implemented within the KLOE
  detector. The use of the KLOE calorimeter as
  efficient neutron detector was fully proved by
  the determination of the high neutron detection
  efficiency -gt KLONE.
• 3. A successful collaboration between the KLOE
  and AMADEUS teams has been already established
  and a common work is in progress. Conditio sine
  qua non for the realization of the programme.