Word Study

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????? ????? Unit 9
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Word Study
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Part 1

• ? ?
• 1. statistics A. hospital
• 2. income B. data
• 3. hopeless C. wages
• 4. fundamental D. desperate
• 5. clinic E.
  burden
• 6. pressure F.
  essential

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• Part 2
• make ends meet ?????????
• e.g. Being out of work and having two
• young children, they found it
• impossible to make ends meet.

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Grammar
Conditional Clause


Main clause
Subject could / would / might / should do
If subject did / were
present
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Conditional Clause


Main clause
Subject could /would / might / should have done
If subject had done
past
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Conditional Clause


Main clause
Subject could / would / might /should do
If subject did / should / were to
future
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• ?
• If the conditional clause includes
  auxiliary verb (had, should, were),we can omit
  the word if, and then put the auxiliary verb
  before the subject. (inversion)

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• e.g. 1) If I were at school again, I would
• work harder.
• Were I at school again, I
• would work harder.
• 2) If you had followed the doctors
• advice, you would be quite all right
• now.

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• You would be quite all right now had you
  followed the doctors advice.
• 3) If it should rain tomorrow, I would not go
  there.
• Should it rain tomorrow, I would not
  go there.

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More usage
1. Subjunctive Mood used in the subject
clauses of the sentence type It is natural /
necessary / important / imperative / strange /
impossible ... that ...
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• e.g. 1) It is important that we
• (should) learn English well.
• 2) It is necessary that we
• (should) set out right away.
• 3) It is strange that he (should)
• have failed in the exam.

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4) It is impossible that I (should) have done
this. 5) It is imperative that we (should)
finish the work. 2. In the object clauses of the
verb wish and would rather
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• e.g. 1) I wish I were a college student.
• In fact I am not a college
• student.
• 2) We wish we had taken his
• advice.
• In fact we didnt take his
• advice.

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• 3) I wish I could fly to the moon.
• In fact I will be unable to fly to
• the moon.
• 4) I would rather
• you paid me now.
• you painted the wall green next time.
• you hadnt done that yesterday.

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• 3. In the object clauses of the verbs
  demand, order, require, request, propose,
  suggest, insist ...
• e.g. 1) He demanded that we (should)
• tell him everything about it.
• 2) The chairman proposed that
  
• we (should) discuss the question.

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3) He suggested that the sports meet (should)
be put off until May. CompareHis accent
suggested that he was from the south. 4) They
insisted that the paintings (should) be
sold at high prices. CompareHe insisted
that he was right.
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• 4. In the adverbial clauses led by as
• if / though
• e.g. 1) He looks as if he were an artist.
• In fact he isnt an artist.
• 2) It looks as if it might rain
• The chance of rain is small.

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• Compare
• It looks as if it is going to rain.
• It is likely to rain.
• 3) He talked as if he had been to
• London.
• In fact he didnt go to London.

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• 5. In the sentence type It is (about,
• high) time that ...
• e.g. It is time we went to bed.
• 6. In simple sentences expressing
• ones wish
• e.g. May you be happy!

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Consolidation

• A. When Subjunctive Mood is used in
• adverbial clause of condition, just remember
  the form.
• B. Subjunctive Mood with the verb in its base
  form (do). These situations include

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• a. In the subject clauses of the sentence type
  It is natural (necessary, important, imperative,
  strange ...) that ...
• b. In the object clauses of the verbs
• demand, require, request, order, propose,
  insist, suggest, ...

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• c. In the appositive clauses of the nouns
  demand, suggestion, order, proposal,
  recommendation, advice, resolution ...
• e.g. Steven should obey the doctors
• advice that he (should) have a
• small operation.

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• d. In simple sentences expressing ones wish.
• e. In adverbial clauses led by conjunctions
  in case, lest, for fear that
• e.g. The games will be postponed lest
• it should rain.

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• C. Subjunctive Mood with the verb in its past or
  past perfect form. These situations include
• a. In the object clauses of the verb
• wish
• b. In the adverbial clauses led by as
• if / though

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• c. In the sentence type It is (about,
• high) time that ...
• d. In the sentence type If only ...
• e.g. If only she knew / had known
• where to find you.

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e. In the object clauses following would
rather, would prefer, had rather, ...
e.g. I would rather that you posted
the letter. (indicating the
present time)
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Ex.1 on P78

• Wife If my husband hadnt been
• caught in the rain, he _____
• _________________.
• Nothing would have happened
• to him if he ________________
• ________________.

would not have got a fever
had not visited his
friend on Saturday
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could have taken good
care of yourself that day

• Driver You ____________________
• _____________________.
• Headmaster I could have had a good
• interpreter if _________
• _____________.
• If I were you, I ________
• _____________________
• _________.

you hadnt had a bad
cold
would not have
visited the friend on Saturday
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• Writer How I wish I ____________
• ___ go to Canada with you.
• If it hadnt rained, I __________
• ____________.

would be fine and
would not have
got ick
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Ex.2 on P78

• 1. If Mathilde had not borrowed the
• necklace from Jeanne, ____________
• ________________________________.
• 2. If Mathilde had not lost her
• necklace at the ball, ____________
• _________________________________
• _______________.

she would
not have been more attractive at the ball
she would
not have had to buy a new one with a lot of
money borrowed
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• 3. If Jeanne had told Mathilde that
• the necklace was made of glass,
• _____________________________
• _____.
• 4. If Mathilde had just agreed to
• wear a flower at the ball, _________
• _______________________________
• __________.

Mathilde would not have been so sorry
she
would not have had to borrow the necklace from
Jeane
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5. If Mathilde husband had been wealthy,
_____________________ __________________.
she would not have lived such a
miserable life
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Ex.3 on P78

• I Lets go for a walk.
• Nancy ________________________
• __________________.
• Suggestion __________________
• _____________________________.

If I went for a walk, I would
be tried very quickly
We could walk slowly and
have a rest form time to time
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I Lets find a seat and rest a little.

• Nancy_________________________
• ____________________.
• Suggestion_____________________
• ________________________________
• _________.

I would not be able to rest if
the seat were too small
We could find a special
chair that is bigger and stronger than the
others
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I Lets go and have lunch together!
If I went to have lunch with you, I
would worry about getting fatter

• Nancy________________________
• _____________________________
• _____.
• Suggestion_____________________
• ________.

We could eat something low
in fat
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I Do you feel like going to a party tonight?
If I went to a party, people would
stare at me and make fun of me

• Nancy________________________
• ______________________________
• ___.
• Suggestion___________________
• _________________.

We could ignore them and
enjoy ourselves
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Homework

• 1. Review the grammar.
• 2. Finish the exercises in
• GRAMMAR of the
• WORKBOOK.