An Overview of Computer System

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An Overview of Computer System Computer Network
(KU1072 week1)
Saiful Akbar Data Software Eng. Research
Division School of Electrical Eng. Informatics

• KU1072 Introduction to IT B, ITB

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Topics

• Computer System (ch. 2-4)
• Computer Network Internet (ch. 8-9)

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Referensi
Social Ethical Issues

• Bahan presentasi ini diambil/dimodifikasi dari
• G. Beekman M. J. Quinn, Tomorrows Technology
  and You (Ch 2-4, 8-9)
• William F. Slater III, Internet History and
  Growth, Chicago Chapter of the Internet Society,
  September 2002

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• Computer System

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Computer System - Objectives
Computer System

• Bagaimana komputer menyimpan dan memanipulasi
  informasi
• Struktur dasar dan organisasi komputer
• Fungsi dan interaksi komponen internal sistem
  komputer
• Beberapa contoh alat masukan dan bagaimana
  alat-alat tersebut memudahkan untuk memberikan
  data/informasi dengan jenis berbeda kepada
  komputer
• Beberapa contoh alat keluaran dan penjelasan
  bagaimana alat-alat ini membuat komputer menjadi
  lebih bermanfaat
• Tiga kategori perangkat lunak dan saling
  keterkaitannya
• Peranan sistem operasi pada sistem komputer
  modern

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Basic Functions Components
Computer System

• Input-Process/Store-Output
• Input devices
• Keyboards and pointing devices (mouse)
• Output devices
• Display or video monitor
• Printer
• Speakers
• Central Processing Unit (CPU)
• Memory Storage devices

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Computer System
The CPU The Real Computer

• Merupakan suatu kumpulan sirkuit elektronik yang
  rumit dan luar biasa
• Menginterpretasi dan mengeksekusi
  perintah-perintah yang ada dalam program
• Dirakit/ditempatkan dengan chips dan komponen
  elektronik lain pada motherboard

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Computer System
The Computers memory

• RAM (random access memory) ? memori yang dapat
  diakses secara acak
• Digunakan untuk penyimpanan sementara (temporer)
  program dan data
• Mempunyai alamat yang unik dan data dapat
  disimpan di lokasi yang manapun
• Dapat mengambil kembali informasi yang disimpan
  secara cepat
• Bila komputer di-off-kan semua data dan program
  yang disimpan pada memori komputer akan hilang
• ROM (read only memory)
• Flash memory
• Used for phones, pagers, portable computers,
  handheld computers, and PDAs

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Central Processing Unit
Control Unit
Internal storage unit
Algorithm and Logical Unit
Output unit
Input unit
ROM
Working area
Pengatur output
RAM
External storage unit
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Computer System
Buses, Ports, and Peripherals

• Lalulintas informasi antar komponen pada
  motherboard yang dilakukan menggunakan
  sekumpulan kabel disebut system buses, atau
  buses.

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Computer System
Buses, Ports, and Peripherals

• Buses
• Typically have 32 or 64 wires
• Connect to storage devices in bays
• Connect to expansion slots
• Connect to external buses and ports
• Slots and ports
• Make it easy to add external devices, called
  peripherals.

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Input From Person to Processor
Computer System

• Keyboard

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Input From Person to Processor
Computer System

• Pointing Devices

Touch Screen
Graphics tablet
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Input From Person to Processor
Computer System

• Reading Tools

Handwriting Recognition SW
Pen Scanner
OMR
PDA
Barcode Reader
(Optical Mark Reader) (Personal Digital Assistant)
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Input From Person to Processor
Computer System

• Others

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Output From Pulses to People
Computer System
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Storage Devices Input Meets Output
Computer System
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Software Topology
Computer System-Software

• System Software
• Operating System
• Utility
• Device Driver
• Compiler Software Development Tools
• Application Software

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Operating System
Computer System-Software

• Supports multitasking
• Manages virtual memory
• Maintains file system
• Responsible for authentication and authorization
• DOS, Windows, Mac OS, Unix, Linux

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Utility Programs
Computer System-Software

• Serve as tools for doing system maintenance and
  repairs that arent automatically handled by the
  operating system
• Make it easier for users to
• Copy files between storage devices
• Repair damaged data files
• Translate files so that different programs can
  read them
• Guard against viruses and other potentially
  harmful programs (as described in the chapter on
  computer security and risks)
• Compress files so they take up less disk space
• Perform other important, if unexciting, tasks

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Utility Programs
Computer System-Software

• Symantec Norton Utilities recovering damaged
  files, repairing damaged disks, and improving
  disk performance.

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Language Compiler
Computer System-Software

• The Language of Computers
• Machine Language numeric codes that represent
  data ( instructions)
• Low-level language
• Assembly
• High-level language falls between machine
  language and natural human language (English
  oriented)
• Pascal, C, C, Java, C, Fortran, Basic, Ada,
  Prolog, LISP, Phyton, Perl
• Compilers translate high-level language into
  machine language.

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Software Development Tools
Computer System-Software

• Environment for building a program editor,
  compiler, library
• MS Visual Studio, JDeveloper, Eclipse, Gambas,
  etc

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End User Applications

• Word processing and desktop publishing
• Spreadsheets and other number-crunching
  applications
• Databases
• Computer graphics and digital image processing
• Digital audio, digital video, and multimedia
• Entertainment
• Customized problem-solving (MIS, ERP, CRM)
• Artificial intelligence

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• Computer Network Internet

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Objectives
Computer Network Internet

• Describe the nature and function of local area
  networks and wide area networks.
• Describe the components of computer network
  communication model
• Discuss the uses and implications of email,
  instant messaging, blogging, teleconferencing,
  and other forms of online communication.
• Explain how and why the Internet was created.
• Describe the technology that is at the heart of
  the Internet.
• Describe the internet applications and web
  applications

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Basic Network Anatomy
Computer Network Internet

• A computer network is any system of two or more
  computers that are linked together.
• Anatomy
• LAN wired-LAN, wireless (local area networks)
• MAN (metropolitan area networks)
• WAN (wide area networks)

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Components of Computer Network
Computer Network Internet

• Cable UTP, coaxial
• Fiber optic
• NIC (network interface card), Modem
  (modulator/demodulator)
• Router
• Server File Server, Web Server, Email Server
• Client
• Protocol TCP/IP (Transmission Control protocol/
  Internet Protocol),FTP (file transfer protocol),
  HTTP (hypertext transfer protocol)
• NOS (network operating system)

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Communication model
Computer Network Internet

• Client/server model
• One or more computers act as dedicated servers
  and all the remaining computers act as clients.
• Peer-to-peer model
• Every computer on the network is both client and
  server.
• Many networks are hybrids, using features of the
  client/server and peer-to-peer models.

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Internet
Computer Network Internet

• History
• ARPAnet
• DoD
• 1969 (ARPAnet), 1980 (P2P), 1990 (HTTP)
• The Internet an interconnected network of
  thousands of networks using TCP/IP protocol

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Internet Growth
Computer Network Internet
The Internet was not known as "The Internet"
until January 1984, at which time there were 1000
hosts that were all converted over to using
TCP/IP.
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Internet Protocol, Address
Computer Network Internet

• TCP/IP Layering Protocols
• IP Address
• Routing
• Domain Name DNS (domain name system)
• Top-level domains include
• .edu - educational sites
• .com - commercial sites
• .gov - government sites
• .mil - military sites
• .net - network administration sites
• .org - nonprofit organization sites

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Email Address
Computer Network Internet

• An email address includes username_at_hostname.sub.d
  om
• username is the persons mailbox
• hostname is the name of the host computer and is
  followed by one or more domains separated by
  periods
• host.domain
• host.subdomain.domain
• host.subdomain.subdomain.domain

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Network Applications
Computer Network Internet

• Email
• Mailing List
• Newsgroups
• Instant Messaging
• Voice Mail
• Internet Telephony
• Massive Multiplayer Online Game
• Search Engine, Web-Robot Indexer/Web
  Crawler/Spider
• Specialized Search Engines Google Maps, Froogle,
  and others

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World Wide Web, Web
Computer Network Internet

• Protocol HTTP, Web Server, Web Client/Browser
• Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
• Beyond HTML Scripting Language, XML, XHTML,
  VRML, Applet
• Web Address

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Web Applications
Computer Network Internet

• simple data-processing tasks
• Most Web applications take advantage of the Webs
  connectivity.
• Search Engine
• online business transactions (e-bay, amazon,
  paypal,)
• News-oriented Web applications
• Other Web applications support a more traditional
  form of information broadcasting.

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Discussion
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ISTILAH-ISTILAH DALAM BIDANG KOMPUTER

• User orang yang menggunakan komputer
• Programmer orang yang membuat program komputer
• System analyst orang yang bertugas memilih
  komputer yang baik dan cocok untuk digunakan
  (biasanya untuk keperluan suatu perusahaan)
• System administrator / manager bertugas untuk
  meningkatkan efisiensi kerja bagi keseluruhan
  sistem komputer yang digunakan di perusahaannya

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ISTILAH-ISTILAH DALAM BIDANG KOMPUTER

• Bus media berbentuk (rangkaian) kabel untuk
  lintasan elektronik yang membawa sinyal dari satu
  komponen ke komponen lain dalam komputer
• RAM (Random Access Memory) memori utama yang
  bekerja pada komputer, tersusun dari sejumlah sel
  yang masing-masing diberi nomor dan alamat
  (setiap sel menampung 8 bit/ 1 byte)
• Bit binary digit (dijit biner)
• Sistem operasi (operating system) program
  pertama yang dieksekusi ketika komputer
  dinyalakan. Disimpan dalam ROM dan external
  memory
• Network suatu jaringan komputer
• Internet inter-connecting network ? jaringan
  komputer yang saling terhubung

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ISTILAH-ISTILAH DALAM BIDANG KOMPUTER

• Domain setiap jaringan yang membentuk internet
• User masing-masing orang yang menggunakan
  sebuah jaringan
• Telnet fasilitas yang memungkinkan orang
  log-in (berkoneksi) ke komputer lain dan / atau
  menggunakan komputer lain
• Account nomor sebagai tanda anggota jaringan
• ISP (internet access provider) penyedia akses
  (lokal) ke internet ? sering disebut sebagai
  provider saja
• E-mail electronic mail / surat elektronik yaitu
  surat/pesan yang dikirimkan secara elektronik
  melalui jaringan komputer
• (internet) host pengkoneksi ke internet

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ISTILAH-ISTILAH DALAM BIDANG KOMPUTER

• FTP ( file transfer protocol ) program yang
  memungkinkan dilakukannya penyalinan file antar
  host
• HTTP ( hypertext transfer protocol ) program
  yang memungkinkan pemindahan gambar grafis,
  suara, bahkan video antar host
• WWW ( world wide web ) adalah sekumpulan
  dokumen multimedia yang dihubungkan dengan jalur
  hypertext
• URL ( uniform resource locator ) alamat yang
  mengidentifikasikan lokasi sesuatu di halaman
  world wide web

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ISTILAH-ISTILAH DALAM BIDANG KOMPUTER

• Browser program yang memungkinkan kita untuk
  melihat dokumen www
• Client program yang bekerja pada PC kita,
  sehingga kita dapat melakukan banyak hal di
  internet
• Cyberspace istilah yang umum dan banyak
  digunakan untuk menyebut internet ? gabungan
  seluruh aktivitas dan informasi yang ada di dunia
  komputer, khususnya komputer yang terhubung ke
  internet

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ISTILAH-ISTILAH DALAM BIDANG KOMPUTER

• Cybernaut orang yang menggunakan internet
• Downloading files menyalin/mengopy file dari
  internet ke komputer yang kita gunakan
• HTML ( hypertext mark-up language ) format yang
  digunakan untuk membuat dokumen world wide web
• MPEG (moving photographic experts group) format
  file grafis untuk video atau film
• Modem ( modulator/demodulator ) perangkat yang
  digunakan untuk mengirim file dan pesan melalui
  saluran telepon ? dikonversikan ke dalam bentuk
  suara