The Knee Joint

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The Knee Joint

• Anatomy and Physiology of Human Movement
• 420050

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Objectives

• Bones, bony landmarks and joints
• Muscles
• Movements

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Knee Joint

• Large joint
• Complex ligamentous structures
• Femoral condyles articulate with tibial condyles
• Medial/lateral tibial condyles (aka plateaus)
  act as receptacles for femoral condyles
• Relatively stable joint despite injuries
• Ligaments
• Menisci
• Quadriceps and hamstrings

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Modified from Anthony CP, Kolthoff NJ Textbook
of anatomy and physiology, ed 9, St. Louis, 1975,
Mosby.
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Modified from Anthony CP, Kolthoff NJ Textbook
of anatomy and physiology, ed 9, St. Louis, 1975,
Mosby.
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Bones and Bony Landmarks

• Tibia
• Bears weight
• Fibula
• Serves as the attachment sight
• Does not articulate with femur or patella
• Not part of knee joint
• Patella
• Sesamoid bone imbedded in patellar tendon
• Improves mechanical advantage in knee extension
• Bony landmarks same as the hip joint

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Lateral femoral epicondyle
Medial femoral epicondyle
Patella
Lateral tibial condyle
Medial tibial condyle
Head of fibula
Tibial tuberosity
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Joint

• Knee joint
• Diarthrodial uniaxial hinge joint
• Movements
• Planes and axes
• Patellofemoral joint
• Diarthrodial nonaxial gliding joint
• Gliding nature of patella on femoral condyles

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Objectives

• Bones, bony landmarks and joints
• Muscles
• Movements

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Muscles

• Quadriceps
• Rectus femoris
• Vastus medialis
• Vastus lateralis
• Vastus intermedius
• Hamstrings
• Biceps femoris
• Semimembranosus
• Semitendinosus
• Sartorius
• Gracilis
• Popliteus
• Gastrocnemius

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Rectus Femoris
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Vastus Medialis
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Vastus Lateralis
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Vastus Intermedius
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Biceps Femoris
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Semimembranosus
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Semitendinosus
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Sartorius
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Gracilis
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Popliteus
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Gastrocnemius
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Objectives

• Bones, bony landmarks and joints
• Muscles
• Movements

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Movements

• Flexion
• Bending or decreasing angle between femur and
  shin
• Extension
• Straightening or increasing angle between femur
  and shin

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Movements

• External rotation
• Rotary movement of leg laterally away from
  midline
• Internal rotation
• Rotary movement of lower leg medially toward
  midline
• Neither will occur unless flexed 20-30 degrees or
  more

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LINE OF PULL
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FLEXION

• Bending or decreasing angle between femur and shin

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Popliteus
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FLEXION
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FLEXION

• Biceps femoris
• Semimebranosus
• Semitendinosus
• Sartorius
• Gracilis
• Popliteus
• Gastrocnemius

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EXTENSION

• Straightening or increasing angle between femur
  and shin

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EXTENSION
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EXTENSION

• Rectus femoris
• Vastus lateralis
• Vastus medialis
• Vastus intermedius