Cabinets

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Cabinets
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kitchen cabinets are typically modular,
standardized, and available in different quality
levels prices
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'shop drawings'

• when a project calls for custom millwork, or for
  specialized cabinetry and installation, the
  designer sends design drawings to the fabricator,
  who in turn, makes 'shop drawings'.
• the shop drawings are the fabricator's
  interpretation of what the design drawings have
  proposed.

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• the shop drawings communicate the precise,
  dimensioned, and specific material character of
  the item.
• the designer then checks the shop drawings to be
  sure that they are an accurate interpretation of
  the design drawings.
• the fabricator will begin making the item after
  receiving the approved shop drawings back from
  the designer.

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each individual cabinet is identified with a
number
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dimensions are coordinated with the interior
designer
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a typical design drawing of a kitchen cabinet
layout
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a typical shop drawing
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cabinet drawers material, operability joint
construction quality level
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types of drawer joints
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general criteria in selecting cabinets

• The box of the cabinet should look and feel
  sturdy. The drawer is a good indication of the
  quality of construction used in cabinets.
• Corner of wall and base should be braced with
  corner blocks.
• Where there is stress or a major joint, the
  stiles and rails (the vertical and horizontal
  framing) should be joined with mortise and tenon
  or dowel joints.

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• Tops and bottoms should be dadoed into the sides.
  
• Hinges should be strong, swing freely, and
  operate silently.
• Hardware should be conveniently located and be
  comfortable to the hand, e.g. D- or U-shaped
  handle.
• In addition to quality, if undercabinet lighting
  is being considered, select wall cabinets with an
  apron or recessed lower shelf large enough to
  cover the light.

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drawer selection criteria

• Drawers should be removable, have an automatic
  stop, and be of sturdy construction.
• The easiest sliding drawers have double metal
  tracking on sides or bottom of the drawer with
  nylon and ball-bearing rollers or aluminum glides
  with nylon rollers. Over time, drawers that slide
  directly on wood will not slide as well.

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• The sturdiest drawers have dovetail or mortise
  and tenon joints in all four corners and have a
  separate drawer head attached to the drawer box
  which is made of 1/2 inch thick wood for the
  sides and back and 1/2 inch thick plywood or
  particle board bottom.
• Tongue and groove joints are sturdy rabbeted and
  butt joints are the least sturdy.
• Plastic is easy to clean and can have molded
  plastic compartments which are useful. However,
  light-weight plastic can break if heavy objects
  are dropped on it.

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shelving criteria

• Cabinets wider than three feet should have a
  shelf support in the center.
• Wall cabinet shelves should be removable and
  adjustable, attached with clips or grooves.
• In base cabinets, pull-out shelves are more
  usable and convenient than stationary shelves and
  may be vertically adjustable.

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• Open metal racks and shelving are available in
  base or wall cabinets and allow easy viewing.
• Roll-out or tilt-out bins are options to standard
  drawers.
• Lazy susans or blind corner swing-out shelves
  make corner space more accessible.

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cabinet materials

• Wood
• Wood is the most popular material for cabinets.
  It is available in softwood and hardwood.
  Softwood scratches and dents more easily. Wood
  grain of higher priced cabinets match vertically
  and horizontally. Plywood and particle board are
  more often used than solid wood for large areas
  since large wood pieces may warp. Exposed surface
  may be a veneer over plywood or particle board.

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Wood cabinets with stainless steel drawer and
door pulls.
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Reclaimed wood cabinetsdovetail joints used in
the drawer construction, metal glides allow
smooth open and close operation.
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Cabinets made using reclaimed wood
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• High pressure decorative laminates
• The 1/32 inch thick decorative laminate, e.g.
  Formica, on a rigid material is highly suitable
  for kitchen cabinets. Decorative laminate cabinet
  doors need a backing sheet to prevent warping.

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Laminate is by far the most popular kitchen
counter top. It's easy to clean, resists stains,
comes in many colors and can imitate the look of
marble and granite, wood, and stainless steel.
It is also one of the less expensive kitchen
counter materials.
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Some suppliers of High Pressure Laminate are
Formica, Wilsonart, Nevamar, and Pionite
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Plastic laminate

• multiple layers of resin soaked kraft paper,
  topped by a patterned sheet of melamine (plastic)
  thats subjected to heat and pressure.
• The resulting 1/16-in. laminate sheet can be
  glued to several different sub-strates, such as
  plywood, mdf (medium density fiber board),
  particle board, et cetera.

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• Plastics
• Polystyrene, a heavy, durable plastic is
  sometimes used to imitate wood. Rigid vinyls in
  sheet or roll, and low pressure decorative
  laminates are laminated to a substrate or
  corestock, i.e. particle board, but are not as
  durable as the high pressure decorative
  laminates.

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Dupont Corian

• more than 30 years ago, DuPont discovered a way
  to blend natural minerals with pure acrylic resin
  to create a product they call Corian.
• Corian is a solid surfacing material that can be
  cut, routed, drilled, sculpted, bent, or worked
  like a fine wood. It is currently available in
  more than 100 colors.
• ?The solid color of Corian goes all the way
  through the material.

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Coriansolid surfacing material
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Corian used to make outdoor furnitureNature-inspi
red design by Avanzini The Leaf line of outdoor
furniture was created by architect Giancarlo Zema
with folding, leaf-like forms that are soft to
the touch
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Bowls made of Corian
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• Steel
• Steel cabinets are durable, washable, and retain
  no odor.
• Low quality steel cabinets are less expensive and
  may be noisy to use.

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Stainless steel kitchen cabinets
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Stainless steel doors with pulls
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a sequence of design drawings that explore the
design of a kitchen this is the work of a
student named Joseph Londt, Spring 2000
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• This project began when Professor Rod Underwood
  delivered the assignment to me  design and
  execute drawings that detail a theoretical
  kitchen. 
• With little more information than this, I set out
  to design a space for the preparation and cleanup
  of food in a small space, much like the apartment
  where I currently live. 
• I took basic ideas in space economy and filtered
  them through the ideals that I hold about the use
  of kitchen, and applied the understanding I've
  recently acquired in my technical classes at Ball
  State University to create the following drawings.

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vertical section/elevation
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• This one (previous sketch) shows the relationship
  of a six foot tall person and the counter spaces,
  which eventually evolved to be 36 inches high, as
  well as the wall mounted cabinets that are placed
  60 inches off the floor plane, to accommodate a
  wide range of users, from short to tall. 
  Exploration of lighting and the spatial
  requirements of the aisle was also a component.

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• This diagram shows spatial relationships of most
  of the surfaces of the kitchen space, and
  highlights the placement of many of the systems
  that will make the space work. 
• One component of the HVAC system is the ceiling
  mounted cook top exhaust hood, and some of the
  electrical and plumbing devices are shown in
  their preliminary locations.  Rough dimensions
  also explain the space. 

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• The floor plan shows door swings for cabinets and
  appliances, indicating worst case scenarios for
  available walkways, as well as distances from
  sink to stove to refrigerator.

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Standard kitchen cabinet units are both about
manufacturing efficiency, and about human
dimension.Anthropometrics is the study of human
body measurements usually done along side
ergonomics as a component of human factors
engineering .
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Standard sizes of wall mounted cabinets
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Poggenpohl

• Our goal is to improve the kitchen.
• This was cabinet maker Friedemir Poggenpohl's
  mission when he founded the company in 1892 - a
  company which today has become one of the most
  well-known kitchen brands in the world.

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Poggenpohl cabinetsbeautifully made Danish
cabinets are very expensive.
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Cabinet Design and Consruction
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• In framed cabinetry, wood joinery holds the parts
  together. This American-style cabinet attaches a
  1 ½ wide x ¾ thick frame to the front of the
  cabinet box. Horizontal rails and vertical stiles
  secure the door to the box. Hinges attach the
  door to the face frame.

In frameless cabinetry, thicker side panels keep
the cabinet rigid without the use of a front
frame. Special hardware fittings secure the door
directly to the side or end panels of the
cabinet. Due to the lack of face frame, the
cabinet doors lie flush with each other, forming
a tight reveal of 1/8 or less.
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• Box materials typically contain wood chips, other
  wood by-products, and synthetic additives to make
  them especially strong and warp resistant. Your
  options typically include particle board,
  plywood, and
• mdf (medium density fiberboard)

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• According to the National Kitchen Bath
  Association, standard cabinet dimensions are as
  follows

base cabinets, which are set on the floor, are
24 deep and 34 ½ high, including a 4 toekick.
wall cabinets, which are affixed to the wall with
screws, are 12 deep. Standard height is 30,
but other common heights include 24, 33, and
42.
tall pantry or utility cabinets are generally
84 or 96 high
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Doors

• How the cabinet door fits over the cabinet box
  determines its basic type

Your options for cabinet door type include
Inset doors sit within the rails and stiles and
lay flush with the front edges of the cabinet
box. Truly inset doors are only available with
framed construction, but designers can achieve
the same look using vertical pilasters on
frameless cabinets. Note wood may expand and
contract because of humidity, causing rubbing
between the door and stiles.
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• Lipped doors are routed with a slight wooden
  groove to fit over the face frame.
• ?Partial overlay doors conceal just some of the
  face frame - there is usually a ½ to 1 space
  between closed doors, allowing you to see much of
  the face frame. Because partial overlay doors are
  smaller than full overlay doors, they require
  less material, so this choice could slightly
  reduce your cabinetrys total cost.

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• Full overlay doors have less than one-eighth of
  an inch between them - in effect, they fully lay
  over the cabinet. By definition, all frameless
  cabinets have full overlay doors. Manufacturers
  can attach full overlay doors to framed cabinets
  as well, however, creating a similar look. You
  can tell for sure whether a cabinet is framed or
  frameless by opening a door and checking for
  rails and stiles.

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doors and drawersinset, slab, raised panel,
recessed panel
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Drawers

• The drawers will likely be made of solid wood or
  medium-density fiberboard (MDF) have framed or
  flat slab fronts and be held together with
  either dovetail, mortise-and-tenon, or butt joints

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Drawer Slides

• Options for drawer slides include
• Full extension?
• Ball bearing
• Track and roller
• Wood
• Self closing

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• Full-extension slides attach to the bottom or the
  sides of the drawer and provide full access to
  the drawer interior. Their ball-bearing system
  adds stability and strength. Stronger versions
  can be used to store heavier items, such as files
  or cookware.

Ball-bearing slides attach to the bottom of the
drawer sides. Usually standard on high-end
cabinets, they offer smooth, quiet operation.
Their concealed runners mounted to the bottom of
the drawer don?t get as dirty as those mounted
on the side. They allow for a wider drawer box
with a more usable interior space.
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• Track-and-roller slides attach to the drawer
  sides. Their epoxy-coated steel tracks and nylon
  rollers offer quiet operation but are less stable
  than ball-bearing ones

Wooden slides work as slots in the drawer sides
or bottoms and move the drawer along a wood
runner. This option has fallen out of favor
because the drawers tend to stick as the wood
expands and contracts.
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• Stock cabinets are constructed prior to purchase.
  The manufacturer does not build them to
  individually requested specifications, so all
  sizes meet industry standards.
• Stock cabinetry widths begin at 9 inches and
  increase in 3 increments to 48, the largest
  standard stock size available. Some stock
  companies also offer half-sized cabinets (13½,
  19½, etc.).
• A kitchen's dimensions may not correspond exactly
  to the available increments. To accommodate sizes
  outside of the 3-inch increments, filler strips
  are used to close any gaps between the cabinet
  and walls or appliances.

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SEMI-CUSTOM CABINETRY

• Partly stock, partly custom.
• Includes all of the offerings of stock cabinetry
  and fewer limitations.
• A step up from stock, semi-custom cabinets also
  typically come in 3 increments but have the
  ability to incorporate certain custom features,
  such as increased and reduced depths.
• Semi-custom cabinets have a wider range of door,
  finish, and wood selections than stock.
• Construction begins when order is finalized, so
  modifications can be made as the cabinets are
  somewhat built to suit. Expect to wait at least
  one month for delivery.

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CUSTOM CABINETRY

• Custom cabinets are restricted by only one thing
  - the amount of money one is willing to spend!
• There tend to be two kinds of custom cabinets
  those made by a custom manufacturer (such as
  William Ohs) and those made by a local custom
  woodworking shop.
• Local cabinetmakers produce the box, frame, and
  drawers in their shop. They will either fabricate
  the doors or order them from a company.
• You may want to ask your local cabinetmaker how
  much of it is done in-house.

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Surface Materials for Cabinets

• Typical Surface Materials Include
• Wood
• Wood Veneer
• Plastic Laminate
• Stainless Steel
• Glass

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Poggenpohl Cabinets
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• Web page with links to many cbinet makers
• http//www.angelfire.com/tx2/tillmill/cabinets.htm
  l

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Pedini Italian Kitchens
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Pedini Italian Kitchens
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Typical Kitchen LayoutsLinear, Railroad,
Peninsula, Corner, Horseshoe