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Battery Recycling

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Title: Battery Recycling


1
Battery Recycling
  • Andrew Kiemnec

2
Introduction
  • Why should we recycle batteries?
  • Where solid waste goes
  • Facts about battery consumption
  • How does industry view battery recycling?
  • How does battery recycling work?
  • Lead Acid
  • Recycling and other options

3
Why should we recycle?
  • Where does waste go?
  • Landfills
  • Trash storage
  • Some methane production
  • Incinerators
  • Energy
  • Volume reduction
  • Break down some compounds

4
Why should we recycle?
  • Americans purchase nearly 3 billion dry-cell
    batteries every year.
  • 350 million are rechargeable.
  • Only 3-5 of primary dry cells are recycled.
  • Nearly 99 million wet-cell lead-acid car
    batteries are manufactured each year.
  • A primary battery will only return 1/50 the
    energy used to make it.
  • Batteries contain heavy metals such as mercury,
    lead, cadmium, and nickel, which can contaminate
    the environment when batteries are improperly
    disposed of.
  • The oceans are starting to show elevated levels
    of cadmium.
  • NiCd batteries account for 75 of cadmium in
    landfills.
  • Preserve natural resources.

5
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6
Industry and Recycling
  • Companies claim it is not economically
    profitable.
  • Transportation
  • Sorting
  • Lead acid batteries are the most recycled
    product.

7
How recycling works
  • Lead Acid Recycling
  • Plastic is broken up and reused
  • Lead and lead oxide is smelted
  • Sulfuric acid is reclaimed

8
Pyrometallurgical and Hydrometallurgical
extraction
  • Allows metals to be reclaimed from oxides.
  • PbO(s) CO(g) ? Pb(s) CO2(g)
  • Hydrometallurgical extraction
  • Cu2(aq) H2(g) ? Cu(s) 2H

9
Recycling other types of batteries
  • Zinc-carbon/air and alkaline-manganese
  • can be reprocessed using a number of different
    methods, which include smelting and other
    thermal-metallurgical processes to recover the
    metal content (particularly zinc).
  • Batteries containing mercury
  • Most commonly processed using a vacuum-thermal
    treatment
  • NiCd
  • batteries can be reprocessed through a similar
    thermal technique
  • NiMH
  • The output of this process is a product with high
    nickel content which can be used in the
    manufacture of stainless steel.
  • Li-Ion
  • currently reprocessed through pyrolysis (heat
    treatment) with the primary recovery the metal
    content.

10
Advances
  • Mercury battery act
  • Phase out mercury
  • Increase Recycling
  • Rechargeable Battery Recycling Corporation
  • Since 1994, RBRC has recycled more than 20
    million pounds of rechargeable batteries.
  • Battery Counsel International

11
Solutions
  • Purchase rechargeable batteries.
  • Use solar power
  • Battery Deposit
  • Make companies take back products they sell.
  • Make batteries easier to recycle.

12
Resources
  • www.epa.gov
  • www.energy.gov
  • www.wasteonline.org.uk
  • www.bbc.co.uk
  • http//www.batteryrecycling.com/index.html
  • Inorganic Chemistry (Shriver, Atkins)
  • Recycling of Consumer Dry Cell batteries (Hurd et
    al.)
  • http//www.relfe.com/IDetoxamin/cadmium_toxicity.h
    tm
  • www.zerowasteamerica.org
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