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Energy Balance in the Atmosphere

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Energy Balance in the Atmosphere Weather State of the atmosphere at any given time and place Components Temp, wind, humidity, cloudiness, etc Dynamic Climate ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Energy Balance in the Atmosphere


1
Energy Balance in the Atmosphere
2
Weather
  • State of the atmosphere at any given time and
    place
  • Components
  • Temp, wind, humidity, cloudiness, etc
  • Dynamic

3
Climate
  • Characteristic weather of a region
  • Temp and precipitation
  • Yearly, decade ave.

4
E.B. in the Atm
  • Surface events driven by solar heating
  • Weather and climate affected by complex variables
  • Ex. Solar radiation distribution
  • Buffalo vs. McKinney

5
Of Waves and Packets
  • We receive 1/2,000,000,000th of Suns total
    output
  • Light behaves as both a packet of energy/particle
    (photon) and as a wave
  • Speed of light
  • in a vacuum
  • 3x108 m/sec

6
273 K 0C
7
Seeing things differently
The sun
8
Its Such a Good Vibration
  • Photons transmit energy causing
  • Vibration of molecules (increased temperature)
  • Chemical/physical reactions in our skin

9
Such a Sweet Excitation
  • Excitations of electrons
  • Subsequent release of
    energy

10
Emission of Radiation
  • Everything omits radiation that is above
    -273ºC
  • As Temp ? Energy ? Wavelength ?

11
Absorption
  • Sun (6000ºC) emits high energy
  • Earth absorbs it and then reemits it but its
    temperature is lower
  • Emits low energy, long wavelength, invisible,
    infrared heat radiation

12
Clouds give off heat (internal plus re-emitted
sunlight) 45 (new stuff) 1964
Amount Earth loses to space is 153-96 57
Of total energy released, 96 is trapped
153 is energy released from Earth
13
Albedo
  • Colder on cloudy days
  • Warmer on cloudy nights

14
Scattering
  • Amount of scattering inversely proportional to
    wavelength of light
  • Blue scatters the most, so sky is blue

Tank vs. me
15
Temperature, Heat, Conduction
  • T proportional to average speed of atoms
  • Heat Average energy of atoms
  • Conduction transport of heat
    by direct collisions

16
Convection
  • Gases too mobile to be in contact
  • Radiant energy (waves) interact with gas
    molecules causing them to vibrate faster
  • Occupy greater volume, less density

17
Latent Heat
  • Energy released or absorbed when a substance
    changes state

Sweating keeps you cool
Melting snow can cool the Earth
18
Heat Storage
  • Specific Heat Amount of energy needed to raise
    the T of 1 gram of water by 1ºC
  • Rocks low specific heat
  • Water high specific heat
  • Lakes in the summer time vs. winter time
  • Inlands vs. coast lines

19
Our Spherical Earth
  • Earth sphere
  • Unequal distribution of suns rays

20
Seasons
  • In addition to being spherical, the earths axis
    is tilted 23.5 degrees from vertical
  • If not for tilt, there would be no seasons.

Fall equinox Sept. 21st
Summer Solstice June 21st
Winter solstice Dec. 21st
Spring equinox March 21st
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