ADS-B Regulations, Standards and Guidance

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ADS-B Regulations, Standards and Guidance
Presented by Don Walker FAA
(AIR-130) Presented to ICAO ADS-B Seminar
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Overview

• US ADS-B Final Rule
• ADS-B Published Standards
• Flight Standards
• ADS-B Out
• ABS-B In
• ADS-B Applications Currently in Development
• TCAS II Future Activities

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US ADS-B Final Rule Overview

• On May 27, 2010, the FAA published the Final Rule
  for ADS-B Out equipage
• Mandates performance requirements for ADS-B
  avionics that will be required to fly in certain
  airspace by 1-Jan-2020
• ADS-B Out transmits location information received
  from a Global Navigation Satellite System out of
  the aircraft to ADS-B ground stations and to
  other aircraft equipped to receive ADS-B
  broadcasts. The rule does not preclude other
  navigation source methods.
• This rule does not mandate ADS-B In
• A new Aviation Rulemaking Committee (ARC) was
  chartered in June 2010 to address ADS-B In
  strategy

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ADS-B Final Rule Dual Frequencies

• Two frequencies have been designated for ADS-B
  transmissions in the National Airspace System
• 1090 Extended Squitter MHz (1090ES) for
  commercial aircraft
• Universal Access Transceiver 978MHz (UAT) for
  general aviation and airport vehicles. This
  frequency is needed because of the high-bandwidth
  required to transmit the weather data that is
  most beneficial for general aviation aircraft.
• The rule requires all aircraft flying in Class A
  airspace (Flight Level 180 and above) to transmit
  on the 1090ES MHz link
• The rule does not preclude aircraft from
  equipping with both the 1090ES MHz and 978MHz or
  general aviation equipping with 1090ES MHz

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ADS-B Final Rule Required in the following
Airspace

• Class A, B, and C airspace
• Class E airspace areas at or above 10,000 feet
  MSL over the 48 contiguous United States and the
  District of Columbia, excluding the airspace at
  and below 2,500 feet above the surface
• Airspace within 30 nautical miles (NM) of certain
  identified airports that are among the nations
  busiest (based on annual passenger enplanements,
  annual airport operations count, and operational
  complexity) from the surface up to 10,000 feet
  MSL. These airports are listed in appendix D to
  part 91.
• Above the ceiling and within the lateral
  boundaries of a Class B or Class C airspace area
  up to 10,000 feet mean sea level (MSL)
• Class E airspace over the Gulf of Mexico at and
  above 3,000 feet MSL within 12 NM of the
  coastline of the United States

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ADS-B Final Rule Required Airspace(In Green)
Note 1090MHz ES link is required above FL180
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US ADS-B Standards Guidance
AC 90-114
ITP Policy Memo(Joint guidance from AIR AFS)
90-series AC provides operations guidance from
Flight Standards
AC 90-114 with ITP Appendix3Q 2012
20-series ACs providing installation guidance
from Aircraft Certification
AC 20-165
FAA Guidance
AC 20-172
AC 20-172A
AC 20-165A3Q 2012
TSO-C195 ADS-B In
TSO-C154c TSO-C166b
TSO-C195a ADS-B In
2012
2009
2010
2011
DO-260BDO-282B
DO-317ADec 2011
ADS-B Out transmission and receipt of ADS-B
informationInitial ADS-B-In applications basic
airborne and surface situation awareness,
enhanced visual approach (US standards, not
harmonized with Europe) Revised ADS-B-In
applications basic airborne and surface
situation awareness, visual separation on
approach, ITP (all harmonized with Europe)
RTCA Stds
DO-317
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ADS-B Published Standards ADS-B Out

• RTCA documents
• RTCA DO-260B plus Corrigendum (errata)
• RTCA DO-282B plus Corrigendum (errata)
• TSO
• TSO-C166b
• TSO-C154c
• Advisory Circular
• AC 20-165
• FAA Policy Memo
• Approval of ADS-B Out Systems

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Operational Approval Strategy

• No authorization required for ADS-B Out in US
• Requires Version 2 avionics to be visible to ATC
• (DO-260B, DO-282B)
• Authorization for ADS-B Out where required by
  other States
• Example A353 for Canada, Australia or others
  which reference AMC 20-24
• Authorization required for ADS-B In applications
• For other than situational awareness

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Operational Approval Strategy

• Initial authorizations requires headquarters
  review/approval
• For duration of operational evaluation
• Based on existing standards, policy
• For specific airlines
• Example A354, for ITP
• Ultimately authorization to be approved by
  Regional/Local authority
• Once operational requirements are understood
• With published guidance

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Cert and Ops Approval Basis ITP example

• Policy Memorandum (May 2010)
• Clarifies and amends DO-312 (ITP SPR)
• Requires conformance monitoring throughout
  procedure
• Requires graphical display to monitor relative
  position of A/C
• Requires DCPC, recommended CPDLC
• Requires TCAS Validation of Version 0 and 1
  Traffic
• Requires velocity validation

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Cert and Ops Approval Basis ITP example

• Policy Memorandum (May 2010)
• Interim Policy and Guidance for ADS-B ASA Systems
  Supporting Oceanic In-Trail Procedures (ITP)
• Between Flight Standards and Aircraft
  Certification Services
• Forms airworthiness and operational approval
  basis
• Until Technical Standards Order (TSO) and ITP AC
  published

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OpSpec A354 Highlights ITP example

• Airworthiness requirements
• Must be installed by TC or STC
• Must have an approved maintenance program with
  instructions for continued airworthiness (ICA)
• ITP Equipment specific requirements
• CDTI may be hosted on EFB (Auxiliary Display)
• EFB must be Class 3, with type C software
• Airplane flight manual
• Must incorporate ADS-B and ITP subject matter

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OpSpec A354 Highlights ITP example

• Required flight crew/dispatch training
• Must complete approved training
• ITP specific operating procedures and limitations
• MEL considerations, flight planning and ITP
  communications
• Aircraft authorization
• Specifies each aircraft by serial number
• Specifies ITP configuration
• Surveillance processor, transponder and display
  by part number

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ADS-B Guidance

• AC 90-114, Automatic Dependent Surveillance
  Broadcast (ADS-B) Operations
• General ADS-B guidance
• Appendix for A353, ADS-B OUT OPERATIONS OUTSIDE
  OF U.S.-DESIGNATED AIRSPACE
• Appendix for ITP by end of September 2012
• Incorporates lessons learned from Operational
  Trials
• Will supersede ITP Policy Memo
• Appendices for other ADS-B In operations will
  come
• As the operational and training issues are
  understood

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ADS-B Published Standards ADS-B In

• RTCA documents
• RTCA DO-317A
• TSO
• TSO-C195a
• Advisory Circular
• AC 20-172A
• ADS-B documents can be found at
• RTCA documents - www.rtca.org
• FAA documents - http//rgl.faa.gov/

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ADS-B Applications in Published Standards

• Enhanced Visual
• Acquisition (EVAcq)
• Basic Airborne (AIRB)
• Visual Separation on
• Approach (VSA)

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ADS-B Applications in Published Standards

• Basic Surface (SURF)

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ADS-B Applications in Published Standards

• In Trail Procedures (ITP)

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ADS-B Applications Currently In Development

• Traffic Situational Awareness w/ Alerts (TSAA)
• Interval Management (IM)
• CDTI Assisted Visual
• Separation (CAVS)

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TCAS Activities

• Revised TCAS standards
• Modification to the TCAS II MOPS In-Band
  Acceptance requirements to document TCAS and
  ADS-B combined receiver
• Improving spectrum efficiency of Hybrid
  surveillance
• Published a report of recommendations for future
  collision avoidance systems
• Research commencing on next generation of TCAS
  called ACAS X

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Don Walker FAA AIR-130 Surveillance Team
Lead don.walker_at_faa.gov Phone [phone]