The Fifties

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The Fifties
Germans Trying to Escape (Berlin Wall)
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Identification (3 Points)

• 1.Eisenhower

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Answer One

• Eisenhower was the President from 1952-to 1960.
  The former war hero and Republican was a moderate
  who appealed to Democrats and Republicans alike.

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Identification (3 Points)

• 2.Richard Nixon

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Answer Two

• Richard Nixon was Eisenhowers choice as Vice
  President. He was chosen because of his appeal to
  conservative Republicans due to his strong
  anti-Communist views.

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Identification (3 Points)

• 3.Checkers Speech

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Answer Three

• Checkers Speech is the nickname for a famous
  speech given by Nixon shortly after being chosen
  as Vice Presidential candidate. Accused of
  financial malfeasance, Nixon invoked sympathy
  from the public by referring to his dog
  Checkers.

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Identification (3 Points)

• 4.McCarthy

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Answer Four

• McCarthy was the Senator from Wisconsin who
  claimed the US government and certain industries
  were riddled with Communist sympathizers. His
  reign of terror ended when he overstated his case
  on national television.

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Identification (3 Points)

• 5.Election of 1956

President Eisenhower
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Answer Five

• Election of 1956 was a landslide victory for Ike.
  Eisenhowers war hero status made him a shoo-in
  with the public.

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Identification (3 Points)

• 6.Adlai Stevenson

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Answer Six

• Adlai Stevenson ran against Eisenhower in 1952
  and 1956. The liberal Governor of Illinois was
  overmatched and lost by a wide margin both times.

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Identification (3 Points)

• 7.AFL-CIO

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Answer Seven

• AFL-CIO was a merger of the two largest unions in
  America. By merging, each union gained more clout
  with management when negotiating contracts.

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Identification (3 Points)

• 8.Agribusiness

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Answer Eight

• Agribusiness is when smaller family farms are
  bought by larger farms leading to economies of
  sale in agriculture. By 1959 half of the farmland
  in the US belonged to 4 of the farmers.

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Identification (3 Points)

• 9.Economy of Abundance

John Kenneth Galbraith
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Answer Nine

• Economy of Abundance was a theory of economics
  espoused by John Kenneth Galbraith that said that
  through modern technology, more variety and
  quantities of goods and services could be
  produced. This abundance led to an unprecedented
  standard of living for common Americans during
  the Fifties.

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Identification (3 Points)

• 10.Automation

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Answer Ten

• Automation is the operation of manufacturing by
  mechanical or electronic means. Automation made
  industry more efficient and saved consumers money
  through lower pricing.

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Identification (3 Points)

• 11.John Foster Dulles

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Answer Eleven

• John Foster Dulles was Eisenhowers Secretary of
  State for most of his two terms. He sought not
  just to contain Communism, but also to help
  countries rid them selves of Communism through
  aid, arms and covert operations.

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Identification (3 Points)

• 12.CIA

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Answer Twelve

• CIA is the Central Intelligence Agency. During
  the Fifties, the CIA was involved in the
  overthrow of several foreign governments thought
  to be unfriendly to the US.

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Identification (3 Points)

• 13.Viet Nam

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Answer Thirteen

• Viet Nam was a French colony in Indochina. During
  the Fifties, the French tried to keep Communism
  out of Viet Nam. Despite aid from the US, the
  French were unsuccessful and the northern part of
  Viet Nam became a communist country.

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Identification (3 Points)

• 14.Korean War

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Answer Fourteen

• Korean War ended when the UN split the country in
  two along the 38th parallel. The north became a
  communist country and the south became Democratic.

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Identification (3 Points)

• 15.Abdel Nasser

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Answer Fifteen

• Abdel Nasser was the leader of Egypt. When
  France, England and Israel joined forces to take
  the Suez Canal in Egypt, the US voted with the
  Soviets to condemn the action and the three
  countries left Egypt.

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Identification (3 Points)

• 15.Ho Chi Minh

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Answer Sixteen

• Ho Chi Minh was the leader of the Communist
  forces in Viet Nam. He led the military action
  that ousted the French culminating in the battle
  at Dien Bien Phu.

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Identification (3 Points)

• 17.Suez Crisis

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Answer Seventeen

• Suez Crisis occurred when the British, French and
  others invaded Egypt and seized the Suez Canal.
  The US did not side with its usual allies and
  avoided a possible confrontation with the USSR,
  Egypts allies.

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Identification (3 Points)

• 18.SEATO

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Answer Eighteen

• SEATO is the South East Asian Treaty
  Organization. This alliance was designed by the
  US to provide mutual defense of the nations of
  Southeast Asia against Communist aggression.

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Identification (3 Points)

• 19.Fidel Castro

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Answer Nineteen

• Fidel Castro was the leader of the
  revolutionaries in Cuba. Although the US at first
  thought Cuba would be a friend of the US, he
  turned to the USSR and made Cuba a client nation
  of the Soviets.

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Identification (3 Points)

• 20.OAS

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Answer Twenty

• OAS is the Organization of American States. This
  alliance was designed to combat Communism in
  Central and South America. In effect this
  organization was dominated by the US and provided
  no protection against internal Communist
  movements.

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Short Answer One (10 Points)

• Why did Congress decide it was necessary to amend
  the constitution concerning Presidential
  succession during Eisenhowers term of office?

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Eisenhower (With Churchill)
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Answer

• Eisenhower had many heart problems during his two
  terms of office. Congress became concerned that a
  President could become incapacitated while still
  alive, leaving the US for all intents and
  purposes without a President.
• The amendment (26th), called for a mechanism for
  the President to choose a new Vice President
  should that office become vacant and for the
  Cabinet to certify the President as incapable to
  perform his duties. It also allowed for the
  President to temporarily give up the powers of
  the office should he be unable to perform his
  duties for a short time.

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Short Answer Two (10 Points)

• What was Eisenhowers economic philosophy as
  President?

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Ike with Khrushchev
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Answer

• Eisenhower believed in minimal government
  regulation of business that led to many mergers
  in the 1950s. He also felt that taxes and
  spending should be kept as low as possible by the
  government.
• Although he did not wish to end social programs
  such as Social Security, he did want to cut back
  on Agriculture subsidies introduced during the
  New Deal.

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Short Answer Three (10 Points)

• How did McCarthyism end and what was Eisenhowers
  role in its demise?

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McCarthy Hearings
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Answer

• McCarthyism ended due to the public and the
  Congress wearying of his tactics as well as the
  fact that Eisenhower disapproved of what the
  Senator from Wisconsin was doing. Finally,
  televised hearings showed McCarthy to a national
  audience and exposed him for what he really was.

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Short Answer Four (10 Points)

• What was the main thesis of Eisenhowers
  Farewell Speech and why was it so impressive?

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IKE
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Answer

• Eisenhower warned the country to beware of the
  military-industrial complex which he feared
  could exert an undue influence on the country. He
  also felt that the growth of the military
  industrial complex could endanger the liberties
  and political freedoms of US citizens.
• This statement was impressive because it came
  from IKE who spent most of his life in the
  military and was regarded by most Americans as a
  war hero.