15.1 Providing First Aid

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15.1 Providing First Aid

• Pages 379-382
• Key Words First Aid, Triage, EMT, and First
  Responder
• LEQ How does remaining calm influence the
  outcome of first aid?

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What is First Aid?

• Immediate care that is given to the victim of an
  injury or illness to minimize the effect of the
  injury or illness until experts can take over

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Proper First Aid

• Can mean the difference between life and death
• Recovery versus permanent disability
• In the time of need knowing how to help yourself
  and others

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Remain Calm!!!

• In order to make the right decisions and provide
  proper care, you must remain calm and in control
  of the situation
• You must be able to choose what care is
  appropriate for the injury

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Step One in Any Emergency

• You must recognize that an emergency exists!!
• Use all of your senses during an emergency and
  trust your gut feeling

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Use Your Senses

• Listen for Unusual Sounds
• ( glass breaking, screaming, changes in
  equipment, calls for help etc..)
• Look for Unusual Sights
• ( empty medicine bottles, damaged wires, stalled
  car, blood, or chemicals )
• Note any Unusual, Unfamiliar, or Strange Odors
• ( chemicals, natural gas, smoke, or pungent
  fumes)
• Watch for Unusual Appearances or Behaviors
• ( dyspnea, clutching the chest or throat,
  abnormal skin color, confusion, diaphoresis, or
  pain )

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Learn to Assess the SituationWhat Do You See?
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What do you See?
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Look Closely
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White Dots or Black Dots?
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Safe?
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Once You Know there is an Emergency, Take
Appropriate Actions

• Check the Scene ( Danger? Victims and Where?)
• If the Scene is NOT SAFE, Call for EMS and wait
• Do not endanger yourself or the lives of others

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Assess the Victim

• Determine if they are Conscious
• Never Move an injured person unless the victim is
  in immediate danger
• Moving an injured victim may cause more damage

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EMS ( Emergency Medical Services ) is Essential

• Time is Critical so contact EMS ASAP
• 911 Describe the situation, actions taken,
  exact location, telephone number from which you
  are calling, assistance required, number of
  victims, and their condition
• DO NOT HANG UP with 911 until told to do so
• You may have to give others direction

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LEGAL ISSUES

• If possible, obtain the patients permission to
  treat them
• Introduce yourself
• If the victim is a child, obtain parents
  permission if they are present
• If the victim does not give consent, DO NOT treat
  the victim contact 911 and alert them of the
  situation witness
• Good Samaritan Act Provide ONLY the treatment
  you are qualified to provide

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What is TRIAGE

• Triage is a method of prioritizing treatment
• When there are two or more victims, Triage helps
  determine who is treated first
• Always start with Life-Threatening and work your
  way down in priority

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Life-Threatening

• Not Breathing or Difficulty Breathing
• No Pulse
• Severe Bleeding
• Chest Pain
• Severe Abdominal Pain
• Vomiting Blood

• Poisoning
• Head, Neck, or Spinal Injuries
• Open Chest or Abdominal Wounds
• Shock
• Severe 2nd or 3rd Degree Burns

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Secondary

• Fractures
• 1st Degree Burns
• Vital Signs
• Temperature, Color, and Moistness of the Skin
• Compare the Pupils

• Look for Fluid or Blood coming from the Mouth,
  Nose, or Ears
• Gently examine the body for Bruises, Swelling, or
  Painful areas

Always inform EMS of Your Findings
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Sources of Information

• Your Assessment
• The Victim
• Witnesses
• Medical ID Bracelets
• Medical Necklace
• Medical Card
• Wallet

• Empty Medicine Bottles
• Cell Phone
• Bottles of Chemicals
• Bottles of Solution
• Insects
• Surroundings

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General Principles

• Obtain Qualified Assistance ASAP
• Avoid Unnecessary Movement
• If the Victim is Unconscious or Vomiting, do not
  give them PO
• Reassure the Victim
• Protect them from Extreme Weather
• Work Quickly, but in an organized manner
• Do not make a diagnosis or discuss the victims
  condition with observers only individuals that
  are assisting and EMS

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EMT (Emergency Medical Technician)

• They provide emergency pre-hospital care to
  victims of accidents, injuries, or sudden
  illnesses
• There are various levels of training for the
  different groups

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First RespondersCFR (Certified First Responder)

• A First Responder is the first person to arrive
  at the scene of an illness or injury
• Common Examples are Volunteers, Police Officers,
  Fire Fighters, or Immediate Family members
  trained in CPR and First Aid
• Trained in Airway management, Oxygen
  Administration, Bleeding Control, and CPR

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EMT-B ( Basic )

• Mainly the Ambulance Driver
• Trained in providing care for a wide range of
  illnesses and injuries
• Fractures
• Emergency Childbirth
• Rescuing Trapped victims
• Transporting Victims
• 110 Hours of Direct Training Needed
• EMT-D can use the Defibrillator

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EMT-I (Intermediate)

• Everything and EMT-B and EMT-D can do
• Assess Patient
• Manage Shock
• Use IV equipment
• Insert Airways (Intubate)
• 145 Hours of Direct Training

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EMT-P ( Paramedic)

• Can do everything EMT-B, D, and I can do
• Provide ACLS (Advanced Cardiac Life Support)
• ECG Interpretation
• ET Tube Intubation
• Drug Administration
• Operation of Complex Equipment and Situations
• 2 Years of Education Required

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