??? Fanfan Chen

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?????? ????????

• ?????????
• ??? Fanfan Chen

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I. ??????????????????????

• A. Fantastic, Fantastique, Fantasy????
• 1. Fantastic 2. Fantasy 3. Fantastique

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I. A. Fantastic, Fantastique, Fantasy????

• Fantastic obsolete imaginary XIV obsolete
  imaginative XV extravagantly fanciful XVI. Old
  French fantastique Medieval Latin fantasticus,
  Late Latin phantasticus Greek phantastikós,
  formed on phantázein make visible, phantázesthai
  have visions, imagine . Onions, 344

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I. A. Fantastic, Fantastique, Fantasy????

• Fantasy, phantasy obsolete mental
  apprehension obsolete phantom obsolete delusive
  imagination baseless supposition XIV changeful
  mood XV imagination XVI. Old French fantasie
  (modern fantaisie) Provençal fantazia, etc.,
  Italian fantasia Latin phantasia Greek
  phantasíá appearance (later, phantom), mental
  process, sensuous perception, faculty of
  imagination, formed on phantázein . Onions,
  344

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I. A. Fantastic, Fantastique, Fantasy????

• The Littré (1863) (1) fantastique only exists
  through imagination (2) it only appears to be a
  corporeal being. The dictionary also specifies
  that fantastic tales generally refer to fairy
  tales, ghost tales and in particular, a genre of
  tales to be in vogue by German Hoffmann
  (Fantasiestücke), where the supernatural plays an
  important role. Hoffmann is one of the
  distinctive writers following the German
  tradition of the Märchen. This definition is also
  accepted by the Dictionnaire de lAcadémie
  of 1878 and the Trésor de la Langue fraçaise
  (1980). Around this epoch (first half of the 19th
  Century), the word fantastique appears as a
  substantive to name a certain category of
  literary expression, i.e., a genre. Le Robert

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B. Fantastique?????? (19??????) ????????????

• 1. Jacques Cazotte (The Devil in Love Le diable
  amoureux, 1772) Jean Potocki (The Manuscript
  Found in Saragossa Le Manuscrit trouvé à
  Saragosse, 1810)
• 2. Hoffmann The Sandman Der Sandmann, The
  Golden Pot A Modern Fairytale Der goldne Topf.
  Ein Märchen aus der neuen Zeit, The Nutcracker
  Nußknacker und Mausekönig
• 3. Charles Nodiers, Théophile Gautier

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B. Fantastique?????? (19??????) ????????????

• 4. Charles Nodiers, Maupassant, Sartre, P. G.
  Castex, Schneider, Roger Caillois, Louis Vax,
  Jacques Finné, Tzvetan Todorov (Harold Bloom)

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C. ?Freud?Todorov????????????

• Eric Rabkin, C. N. Manlove, Brooke-Rose, T. E.
  Apter, Kathryn Hume, Jackson Rosemary, Gero von
  Wilpert, Zondergeld and Wiedenstried, Vittorio
  Strada, Richard Mathews, Jean-Luc Steinmetz,
  Roger Bozzetto, Denis Mellier, etc.

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I. C. ?Freud?Todorov????????????

• Jean-Luc Steinmetz ?????
• Beings and Forms 1. ghosts 2. vampire 3. double
  4. automaton (golem, android, mannequin),
  mandragora (mandrake), shattered parts of the
  body. 5. monster
• Actions 1. apparition 2. possession 3.
  destruction 4. metamorphosis
• Causative Principal 1. reasonable explication 2.
  dream 3. magic or occult 4. drug 5. telekinesis,
  telepathy, hypnosis, animism or magnetism.

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D. ??????????????????

• Coleridge (1772-1834) suspension of disbelief
• Charles Nodiers (1780-1844) false, vague, and
  true fantastic tales
• Guy de Maupassant (1850-1893) ambiguity
• H. P. Lovecraft (1890-1937) horror
• J. R. R. Tolkien (1892-1973) Fairy-story
• Julio Cortázar (1914-1984) Taoist mysticism and
  the non-dualistic fantastic
• Stephen King (1947-) ambiguity and monstration
• Léa Silho (1967-) myth, fantasy, fantastique,
  hard fantasy

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II. ?????

• A. Todorov?????????????(fantastique)?????
• 1. ?????????
• 2. ?? (1)??/????/?? (2)???? (3)??????????
• 3. ???????? létrange(the uncanny) ?le
  merveilleux (the marvellous)
• 4. ???? utterance, the act of uttering,
  syntactical
• 5. Gogol, Kafka

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II. A. Todorov????????(fantastique) ???????

• (1) The text obliges the reader to consider the
  world of the character as real. The reader has to
  hesitate between the supernatural (le
  merveilleux) and the natural (létrange)
  explanations.
• (2) The character may also feel this kind of
  hesitation. Thus the reader identifies with the
  character.
• (3) It is significant that the reader adopts a
  certain attitude towards the text an allegorical
  or poetic interpretation must be refused.

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II. ?????

• B. Tolkien???????????(Fairy-Story)???(sub-creation
  )??
• 1. ?????
• 2. ??, ??, ??
• 3. ????/??????? Fantasy, Recovery, Escape,
  Consolation

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II. B. ???????

• Joseph von Eichendorff Autumn Sorcery
• John Keats La Belle Dame sans Merci
• Wagners Opera Tannhäuser
• Goethe Erlkönig
• W. B. Yeats The Stolen Child
• Léa Silho Runaway Train (changeling)
• ??????????

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II. ?????

• C. ?Plato, Aristotle?????????
• 1. chora, ????, ????, ????(??)
• 2. C. G. Jung, Gaston Bachelard, Gilbert Durand,
  Pierre Brunel, André Siganos, Christian
  Chelebourg, Paul Ricoeur, J.-C. Marion, Owen
  Barfield, J. R. R. Tolkien
• 3. ?????????

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II. ?????

• D. ??????????? ?????
• 1. hyperbole, euphemism, hypotyposis, metalepsis,
  mise en abyme
• 2. ?, ??, ??????

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II. ?????

• E. ???????????? ?????????

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III. ???????? ???????

• A. ???????
• Nodiers, Schneider, Caillois, C. N. Manlove,
  Vittorio Strada, Richard Mathews, Zondergeld and
  Wiedenstried

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III. ???????? ???????

• B. ???????????????????????
• 1. ?????
• 2. ?????
• 3. ???
• 4. ?????

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III. ???????? The fantastic in the Ancient
World

• The Gilgamesh Epic (ca. 2500-1500 BC) an
  historical king of Uruk in Babylonia on the River
  Euphrates.
• Enuma Elish (1000 BC) Babylonian epic
• The Book of Mountains and Seas (1600 BC-771-221
  BC)
• The Mahabharata (400 BC-400 AD)
• The Odyssey and The Illiad (Homer, 800-900 BC)
• Prometheus Bound (Aeschylus, 525-456 BC)
• Metamorphoses (Ovid, 1 AD?)
• The Aeneid (Virgil, 1st century AD)
• The Golden Ass (Apuleius 125?-200? AD)
• Soushenji (In Search of Gods) (Gan Bao, 317-420
  AD)

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III. The Medieval fantastic

• Beowulf (ca. 9th century)
• Elder Edda (Vikings, Iceland, composed 800-1100,
  written down 1150-1250)
• Thousand and One Nights (9th century) Sharazad
  vs. cruel King Shahriyar
• Nibelungenlied (Germany, ca. 1200)
• The Divine Comedy (Dante, 1265-1321)
• Arthurian legends (5th-6th century)
• Arthurian romance Érec et Énide, Cligès, Yvain,
  Lancelot Perceval ou le Roman du Graal (Chrétien
  de Troyes, ca. 1135- c. 1190)
• Parzival (Wolfram von Eschenbach, ca. 1170-ca.
  1220)
• Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (ca. 1370)
• Le morte darthur (Sir Thomas Malory,
  1469-1470/1485)
• Journey to the West (Wu Chengen, 1592)

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III. Renaissance and Classicism

• Gargantua and Pantagruel (François Rabelais,
  1495?-1553)
• Don Quixote de la Mancha 1605 (Miguel de
  Cervantes, 1547-1616)
• Faerie queene 1590 (Edmund Spenser, 1552?-1599)
• The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus (published
  c. 1604)
• A Midsummer Nights Dream 1595-96 (William
  Shakespeare, 1564-1616)
• Paradise Lost 1667 (John Milton, 1608-1674)
• Fables (Jean de La Fontaine, 1621-1695)
• Fairy tales (Charles Perrault, 1628-1703)
• Gullivers travels 1726 (Jonathon Swift,
  1667-1745)

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III. 1760-1810 suppression and extinction under
the Enlightenment

• 18th century epoch of reason and science.
  Believes and divine power are doubted.
  Paradoxically, the fantastic is born as a
  renaissance of the irrational against the
  rationalist main stream. Occult influence
  Swedenborg, Martines de Pasqually, Luis Claude de
  Saint-Martin.

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III. 1760-1810 suppression and extinction under
the Enlightenment

• England
• -The first Gothic novel Horace Walpoles The
  Castle of Otrante (1764)
• William Beckfords Vathek An Arabian Tale (1786,
  originally written in French)
• The 1790s saw the heyday of the English Gothic
• Ann Radcliffes The Mysteries of Udolpho (1794)
• Matthew Gregory Lewiss The Monk (1796)
• -Gothic novels in 19th century combination of
  ancient faith and modern incredulity
• Mary Shelleys Frankenstein or, The Modern
  Prometheus (1818)
• Charles Robert Maturins Melmoth the Wanderer
  (1820) (German film The Sin Eater)
• John Polidoris The Vampyre (after 1813 Byrons
  poem Giaour)

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III. 1760-1810 suppression and extinction under
the Enlightenment

• France
• Jacques Cazottes Le Diable amoureux (1772)
• Jean Potockis The Manuscrit trouvé à Saragosse
  (1797-1807)

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III. 1760-1810 suppression and extinction under
the Enlightenment

• Germany
• German fantastic is closely related to Märchen
  (fairytale) Volksmärchen and Kunstmärchen
• Movement of Sturm und Drang (Storm and Stress)
  tales are reintroduced.
• Brothers Grimms Children's and Household Tales
  Kinder- und Hausmärchen (1807-1810/1819-1822)
• Neo-Platonism, philosophical impact
• Ludwig Tiecks Eckbert le blond (1796), an
  example of Kunstmärchen
• Goethes Faust Faust der Tragödie zweiter Teil
  (Part I, 1806 Part II, 1832)

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III. ???????? ???????

• 1810-1850 First generation the Romantic
  fantastic and the Golden Age
• Napoleon wars in Europe and industrial revolution

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1810-1850 First generation the Romantic
fantastic

• Germany
• E.T.A. Hoffmann (1771-1822) Fantasiestücke
• Achim von Arnim (1781-1831) Les Héritiers du
  majorat
• Adelbert von Chamisso (1781-1838) Peter
  Schlemihl
• France
• Charles Nodier (1780-1844)
• Honoré de Balzac (1799-1850)
• Gérard de Nerval (1808-1855)
• Prosper Mérimée (1803-1870)
• Théophile Gautier (1811-1872)

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1810-1850 First generation the Romantic
fantastic

• Russia 
• Alexandre Pouchkine (1799-1837)
• Nicolaï Gogol (1809-1852)
• Fyodor Dostoevski (1821-1881)
• Denmark
• Hans Christian Andersen (1805-1875)

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1810-1850 First generation the Romantic
fantastic

• Anglo-Saxon
• Washington Irving (1783-1855) Rip Van Winkle,
  The Spectre Bridegroom, The Adventure of the
  German Student
• Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864) The House of the
  Seven Gables, Young Goodman Brown

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1850-1900 The second generation

• France
• Prosper Mérimée (1803-1870)
• Guy de Maupassant (1850-1893)
• Villiers de LIsle-Adam (1838-1889)
• Jules Verne (1828-1905)

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1850-1900 The second generation

• Anglo-Saxon
• Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849)
• Fitz James OBrien (1828-1862)
• Robert Louis Stevenson (1850-1894)
• Charles Dickens (1812-1870)
• Joseph Sheridan Le Fanu (1814-1873)
• George MacDonald (1824-1905)
• Lewis Carroll (1832-1898)
• Bierce Ambrose (1842-1913)

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The Fantatic Fin de Siècle

• France
• Jean Lorrain (1855-1906)
• Marcel Schwob (1867-1905)
• Anglo-Saxon
• Oscar Wilde (1856-1900)
• Saki (1870-1916)
• Henry James (1843-1916)
• Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936)
• Algernon Blackwood (1869-1951)
• G. K. Chesterton (1874-1936)
• Lord Dunsany (1878-1957)
• Germany
• Gustav Meyrinck (1868-1932)
• Hans Heinz Ewers (1871-1943)

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IV. ?????? ?????

• A. ???? ?????
• 1. The Venus of Illes La Vénus dIlle (Prosper
  Mérimée, 1803-1870)
• 2. Night A Nightmare La nuit (Guy de
  Maupassant, 1850-1893)

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IV. ?????? ?????

• B. ????
• 1. The Nutcracker Nußknacker und Mausekönig (E.
  T. A. Hoffmann, 1776-1822)

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IV. ?????? ?????

• C. ????/????
• 1. The Lord of the Rings (J. R. R. Tolkien,
  1892-1973)
• 2. The Neverending Story Die Unendliche
  Geschichte (Michael Ende, 1929-1995)

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IV. ?????? ?????

• D. ????/???
• 1. Les contes de la Tisseuse (Léa Silho, 1967-)

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IV. A. 1. The Venus of Illes La Vénus dIlle
(Prosper Mérimée, 1803-1870)

• A perfect fantastic narrative
• A. Realistic cornerstone of the fantastic
• A geographical and historical realism (realistic
  setting)
• B. Todorovs norm and The Venus of Ille
• 1. The natural explanation
• 2. The supernatural explanation

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IV. A. 1. The Venus of Illes La Vénus dIlle
(Prosper Mérimée, 1803-1870)

• C. The mise en abyme mirrors the double features
  of the narrative
• 1. the local scamps
• 2. the pedestal inscription CAVE AMANTEM (1)
  Beware of him who loves thee mistrust thy lovers
  (2) Beware if she loves thee
• D. Atmosphere of fear and menace
• 1. The supernatural clues
• 2. Fear and uneasiness
• 3. Evil the statue Venus as a diabolical being
  through various visions
• 4. Transgression
• E. The ambiguity in characterization
• F. Denouement perpetual hesitation

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2. Night A Nightmare La nuit (Guy de
Maupassant, 1850-1893)

• J'étais aux quais, et une fraîcheur glaciale
  montait de la rivière. La Seine coulait-elle
  encore? Je voulus savoir, je trouvai l'escalier,
  je descendis... Je n'entendais pas le courant
  bouillonner sous les arches du pont...
• I had reached the quays, and a cold chill rose
  from the river. Was the Seine still flowing ? I
  wanted to know, I found the steps and went down.
  I could not hear the current rushing under the
  bridge

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2. Night A Nightmare La nuit (Guy de
Maupassant, 1850-1893)

• Des marches encore... puis du sable... de la
  vase... puis de l'eau... j'y trempai mon bras...
  elle coulait... froide... froide... froide...
  presque gelée... presque tarie... presque morte.
• A few more step. Then sand. Mud. then water.
  I dipped my hand into it. I was flowing flowing
  cold cold cold almost frozen almost dried up
  almost dead.

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IV. A. 2. Night A Nightmare La nuit (Guy de
Maupassant, 1850-1893)

• Et je sentais bien que je n'aurais plus jamais la
  force de remonter... et que j'allais mourir là...
  moi aussi, de faim de fatigue et de froid.
• I fully realized that I should never have the
  strength to come up, and that I was going to die
  there in my turn, of hunger, fatigue and cold.

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IV. B. 1. The Nutcracker Nußknacker und
Mausekönig (Hoffmann, 1776-1822)

• The mise en abyme

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IV. B. 1. The Nutcracker Nußknacker und
Mausekönig (Hoffmann, 1776-1822)

• Aufgewacht aufgewacht
• wollen zur Schlacht
• noch diese Nacht
• aufgewacht - auf zur Schlacht
• Come, awake, measures take
• Out to the fight, out to the fight
• Shield the right, shield the right
• Arm and away, this is the night

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IV. B. 1. The Nutcracker Nußknacker und
Mausekönig (Hoffmann, 1776-1822)

• Knack knack knack
• dummes Mausepack
• dummer toller Schnack
• Mausepack - Knack Knack
• Mausepack - Krick und Krack
• wahrer Schnack.
• Knack, knack, knack,
• Stupid mousey pack,
• All their skulls well crack.
• Mousey pack, knack, knack,
• Mousey pack, crick and crack,
• Cowardly lot of schnack!

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IV. B. 1. The Nutcracker Nußknacker und
Mausekönig (Hoffmann, 1776-1822)

• Aber wie wird es nun weiter werden? - Sowie
  Nußknacker herabspringt, geht auch das Quieken
  und Piepen wieder los. But what is going to
  happen now? At the moment when Nutcracker sprang
  down, the squeaking and piping began again worse
  than ever.

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IV. B. 1. The Nutcracker Nußknacker und
Mausekönig (Hoffmann, 1776-1822)

• Ach! unter dem großen Tische halten ja die
  fatalen Rotten unzähliger Mäuse und über alle
  ragt die abscheuliche Maus mit den sieben Köpfen
  hervor! - Wie wird das nun werden!
• Alas! Under the big table, the hordes of the
  mouse army had taken up a position, densely
  massed, under the command of the terrible mouse
  with the seven heads. So what is to be the
  result?

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V. ???????????????????????????????

• ????????????????????
• ?????????????????
• ???????????????????????????