Fall Protection Basics

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Pacific Structures Construction Safety Standards
Training
Introduction to OSHA

• Part 1
• Introduction to OSHA
• Accident Investigation
• Respiratory Protection
• Materials Handling
• Hand and Power Tools

2
What is OSHA?

• Occupational Safety and Health Administration
• Responsible to enforce safety and health
  standards for worker safety and health.

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OSHA Occupational Safety Health Act Enacted
1970

• Objective Provide safe healthful workplaces.
• Empower Secretary of Labor to establish and
  enforce standards.
• Empower Secretary of Justice to adjudicate the
  Act.
• Establish the National Institute Occupational
  Safety Health (NIOSH)
• Encourage states to assume these
  responsibilities.

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• Under the Act, the Occupational Safety and Health
  Administration, (OSHA) was created within the
  Department of Labor to
• Encourage employers and employees to reduce
  workplace hazards and to implement new or improve
  existing safety and health programs
• Provide for research in occupational safety and
  health to develop innovative ways to dealing with
  occupational safety and health problems
• Establish separate but dependent
  responsibilities and rights for employers and
  employees for the achievement of better safety
  and health conditions.

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• Under the Act, the Occupational Safety and Health
  Administration, (OSHA) was created within the
  Department of Labor to
• Maintain a reporting and record-keeping system to
  monitor job-related injuries and illnesses
• Establish training programs to increase the
  number and competence of occupational safety and
  health personnel
• Develop mandatory job safety and health standards
  and enforce them effectively
• Provide for the development, analysis, evaluation
  and approval of state occupational safety and
  health programs and
• Comply with occupational safety and health
  standards.

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Is there a need for OSHA?
Each year...

• Nearly 6,000 workplace fatalities.
• 50,000 deaths from workplace-related illnesses.
• 5.7 million non-fatal workplace injuries.
• Injuries alone cost U.S. businesses over 125
  billion.

Source - OSHA Publication 2056
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Has OSHA Made a Difference?
YES!
Since 1970 OSHA has

• Helped cut the work-related
• fatality rate in half
• Reduce workplace injuries
• and illnesses by 40
• Eliminated brown lung disease
• Reduced trenching and
• excavation fatalities by 35

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Who is covered by the OSH Act?

• Most private sector employees.
• Coverage is provided directly by federal OSHA or
  through an OSHA-approved state program.
• Does not cover the self-employed or immediate
  members of farm families that do not employ
  outside workers.

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OSHA Standards

• Where OSHA does not have standards, employers are
  responsible for following the OSH Act's General
  Duty Clause.
• States with OSHA-approved programs must set
  standards at least as effective as federal
  standards.

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What does OSHA Require?

• General Duty Clause
• Each employer shall furnisha place of
  employment which is free from (RECOGNIZED
  HAZARDS) that are causing or are likely to cause
  death or serious physical harm to his employees.

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Introduction to OSHA

• OSHA Standards are considered as MINIMAL
  acceptance in the industry. Meaning you can
  provide nothing less than the OSHA Standards.
• Many company standards exceed those of OSHA.

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Introduction to OSHA

• If we have a standard that exceeds OSHA we are
  responsible for enforcing it and will be held
  accountable (example PFTs for respirators).

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Recordkeeping and Reporting

• Employers of 11 or more employees must maintain
  records of occupational injuries and illnesses.
• All employers must display the OSHA poster, and
  report to OSHA within 8 hours any accident that
  results in a fatality or in-patient
  hospitalization of 3 or more employees.

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Recordkeeping Forms

• Maintained on a calendar year basis.
• Summary of records for the previous year must be
  posted from February through April.

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What are workers responsibilities?

• Read the OSHA poster.
• Follow the employers safety and health rules and
  wear or use all required gear and equipment.
• Follow safe work practices for your job, as
  directed by your employer.
• Report hazardous conditions to a supervisor or
  safety committee.
• Report hazardous conditions to OSHA, if employers
  do not fix them.
• Cooperate with OSHA inspectors.

(See OSHA Workers' web page for more information)
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What are workers rights?

• Identify and correct problems in their
  workplaces, working with their employers whenever
  possible.
• Complain to OSHA about workplace conditions
  threatening their health or safety in person, by
  telephone, by fax, by mail or electronically
  through OSHAs web site.
• Section 11(c) of the OSH Act gives workers the
  right to seek safe and healthful conditions on
  the job without being disciplined or fired.

(See OSHA Workers' web page for more information)
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OSHA Workers' Page
www.osha.gov/as/opa/worker/index.html
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What are employers rights responsibilities?

• Employers must provide a safe and healthful
  workplace free of recognized hazards and follow
  the OSHA standards.
• The OSH Act grants employers important rights,
  particularly during and after an OSHA inspection.
• Employers must provide training, medical
  examinations and recordkeeping.

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Competent Person in Construction

• A person who
• Knows the right standard,
• Can identify hazards in the operation, and
• Is designed by the employer, and has the
  authority to take appropriate actions.
• Competent Person is found in many standards.
• Some standards set specific requirements for the
  competent person.

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What Types of Hazards are Addressed in Standards?

• Scaffolding
• Machines
• Stairways Ladders
• Chemical

• Electrical
• Cranes
• Falls
• Excavation

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Introduction to OSHA

• The construction industry follows the
  Occupational Safety and Health Standards (29 CFR
  PART 1926)

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Paragraph Numbering System29 CFR 1926.32

• 29 CFR stands for Title 29 of the Code of
  Federal Regulations Dept Labor
• 1926 are the Construction Safety Standards
• 1926.32 is Section 32 of those Standards

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1926.603(a)(8)

• Fixed leads shall be provided with ladder, and
  adequate rings, or similar attachment points, so
  that the loft worker may engage his safety belt
  lanyard to the leads. If the leads are provided
  with loft platforms(s), such platform(s) shall be
  protected by standard guardrails.

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Where to Get OSHA Standards

• Federal Register in public libraries or at GPO
  web site
• CD-ROM subscription through U.S. Government
  Printing Office (GPO)
• Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) in public
  libraries and through GPO
• OSHA web site - OSHA standards, interpretations,
  directives (www.osha.gov)

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Inspection Process

• CSHO displays official credentials
• Opening conference
• Walk-around inspection
• Closing conference

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Employer may Qualify for "Focused Inspection"

• Has to meet certain conditions.
• Inspector will "focus" on these four hazard
  areas
• Falls
• Struck by
• Caught in/between
• Electrical

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Conducting the Walk-around Inspection

• CSHO and accompanying representatives (employer
  and employee) inspect the establishment for
  potentially hazardous working conditions.
• CSHO discusses possible corrective actions with
  the employer.
• CSHO may consult, at times privately, with
  employees.

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What Happens After an OSHA Inspection?

• OSHA may or may not issue citations.
• Citations inform employer and employees of the
  regulations and standards allegedly violated and
  of the proposed time for abatement.
• Employer must post a copy of each citation at or
  near place where violation occurred, for 3 days
  or until violation is corrected, whichever is
  longer.

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Introduction to OSHA

• If OSHA arrives on your site
• Should an OSHA compliance officer arrive on your
  site, he/she will identify themselves by
  presenting their identification and announce
  their purpose for the visit.
• You should immediately contact the Project
  Manager, Construction Manager or Project Safety
  Supervisor, (or the highest ranking supervisor on
  duty).

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Introduction to OSHA

• Penalties cited under OSHA
• Other Than Serious - A violation that has a
  direct relationship to job safety and health but
  would not cause death. (Can cost up to 7,000
  per violation.)
• Serious Violation - A Violation where there is
  substantial probability that death or serious
  physical harm could result. (Can cost up to
  7,000 per violation.)
• Willful Violation - A violation that the employer
  intentionally and knowingly commits. (Can cost
  up to 70,000 per violation.)

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Introduction to OSHA

• Penalties Cited under OSHAContinued
• Repeated Violation A violation of any standard,
  regulation rule or other where, upon
  re-inspection, a substantially similar violation
  is found. (Can cost up to 70,000 per
  violation.)
• Failure to Correct Prior Violation Failure to
  correct a prior violation may bring a civil
  penalty of up to 7,000 for each day the
  violation continues beyond the prescribed
  abatement date.
• And do not forget about the GENERAL DUTY CLAUSE.
  This can be used for just about anything not
  covered by the above.

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Citation Policy Evaluation of Employers Safety
Health ProgramOSHA Instruction STD 3 -1.1

• Management Commitment Leadership
• Goals set communicated
• Participation in safety meetings inspections
• Commitment of recourses
• Rules procedures established and enforced

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Citation Policy Evaluation of Employers Safety
Health ProgramOSHA Instruction STD 3 -1.1

• Assignment of Responsibility
• Supervisors employees understand
  responsibilities
• Are held accountable
• Safety rules are followed

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Citation Policy Evaluation of Employers Safety
Health ProgramOSHA Instruction STD 3 -1.1

• Training Education
• Supervisors receive basic training
• Specialized training as required
• Employee training effective on going

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Citation Policy Evaluation of Employers Safety
Health ProgramOSHA Instruction STD 3 -1.1

• Recordkeeping Hazard Analysis
• Illness Injuries Reported
• Accidents Near Misses investigated
• Corrective Action taken

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Citation Policy Evaluation of Employers Safety
Health ProgramOSHA Instruction STD 3 -1.1

• First Aid Medical Assistance
• First aid supplies medical services available
• Emergency procedures training
• Employee access to medical records

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Most Frequently Cited Serious Violationsin
Construction FY 2003
Fall protection - Unprotected sides edges
Scaffolds - Fall protection
Head protection
Fall protection Residential construction 6 or
more
Scaffolds - Access
Standard Subpart - 1926.
Aerial lifts Body belt lanyard
Scaffolds - Platform construction
-
-
Excavations - Protection of employees
Employee training
Fall hazards training program
There were also 334 Section 5(a)(1) violations
cited in construction SIC codes during this
period.
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Subpart C - General Safety Health(1926.20 -
35)
2003 Industry Citations
Employee training programs 812 Inspections by
Competent Person 542 Accident Prevention
419 Housekeeping 266 Personal Protective
Equipment - 113
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Subpart H - Materials Handling, Storage, Use
Disposal (1926.250 - 252)
2003 Industry Citations

• Rigging equipment inspection removal from
  service - 46
• Torn/cut synthetic web slings - Removal from
  service - 24
• Exterior drop chutes - 21
• Custom lifting accessories - 11
• Alloy steel chain identification - 9

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Subpart K - Electrical(1926.400 - 449)
2003 Industry Citations

• Equipment Grounding Program - 397
• Grounding Path - 282
• Ground-fault circuit interrupters - 191
• Equipment installation and Use - 173
• Flexible Cords/Strain Relief - 148

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Subpart Q -Concrete Masonry Construction(1926.70
0 -706)
2003 Industry Citations

• Reinforcing steel/Guarding - 304
• Masonry Walls/Bracing -24
• Formwork/General Requirements - 13

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Subpart X - Ladders(1926.1050 - 1060)
2003 Industry Citations

• Ladders 3 ft above landing surface - 774
• Stair rails and Guardrails - 321
• Appropriate use of Ladders - 193
• Stairways and Ladders Required - 176
• Ladder Training Program - 149

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Hazard Communication (1910.1200)Cited in
Construction SIC Codes
2003 Industry Citations

• Written Program - 168
• MSDS Sheets - 63
• Accessible MSDS Sheets - 62
• Information and Training - 59
• Training for New Hazards- 56

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Introduction to OSHA

• An on the job accident which results in the
  death of an employee or in the hospitalization of
  three or more employees must be reported to the
  nearest OSHA office within 8 hours.
• We require notification by telephone to the
  District Office immediately!

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Reviews and Appeals

• Closing Conference w/ Compliance Officer.
• Informal Conference in Area Office.
• Formal Contest to Review Commission.
• Appeal to Federal Circuit Court.
• Appeal to US Supreme Court.

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Consultation Assistance

• Provided at no cost
• Developed for smaller employers with more
  hazardous operations
• Delivered by state government agencies or
  universities employing professional safety and
  health consultants
• No penalties are proposed or citations issued
• Possible violations of OSHA standards are not
  reported to OSHA enforcement staff unless
  employer fails to eliminate or control any
  serious hazard or imminent danger

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OSHA Emergency Hotline[phone]-OSHA

• Report workplace safety or health fatalities or
  the hospitalization of 3 or more employees.
• Report a workplace hazard.
• File a complaint about a workplace hazard.
• Request information on OSHA.
• Request an OSHA publication.

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Introduction to OSHA
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