The American

1
The American Revolution
2
Main Menu
Vocabulary Chapter 5
British Leaders
Boston Tea Party
Patriot Leaders
Vocabulary Chapter 6
Boston Massacre
Battles
Declaration of Independence
Causes
Protest Methods
3
Chapter 5 Vocabulary Cause to the
American Revolution
Click to go back to main menu
11. Boston Massacre 12. Committee of
correspondence 13. Tea Act 14. Boston Tea
Party 15. Intolerable Act 16. First Continental
Congress 17. Militia 18. Minuteman 19. Battles of
Lexington and Concord

• 1. The French and Indian War
• 2. Albany Plan of Union
• 3. Treaty of Paris, 1763
• 4. Pontiacs War
• 5. Proclamation Act of 1763
• 6. Stamp Act
• 7. Boycott
• 8. Repeal
• 9. Townshend Acts
• 10. Writ of assistance

4
French and Indian War

• The French and Indian War was a war that took
  place from 1754 to 1763 between England and
  France. Both aided by Native American Allies,
  that led to the end of French power in North
  America.

5
Albany Plan of Union

• The Albany Plan of Union was a proposal by
  Benjamin Franklin to create one government for
  the 13 colonies and provided for the common
  defense against the French.

Benjamin Franklins Cartoon. Created cartoon to
convince colonists to accept his Albany Plan of
Union.
6
Treaty of Paris, 1763

• The Treaty of Paris of 1763 was an agreement
  between Britain and France that ended the French
  and Indian War, and it marked the end of French
  power in North America.

7
Treaty of Paris,1763

• Treaty that ended the French and Indian War. The
  treaty ended French power in North America and
  made Great Britain the most powerful European
  country in the New World.

8
Pontiac's War

• Pontiacs War was a 1763 conflict between Native
  Americans and the British over settlement of
  Indian lands in the Great Lakes area and
  eventually led to the Proclamation Act of 1763.

Indian Territory
9
Proclamation Act of 1763

• The Proclamation Act of 1763 was a law
  forbidding English colonists to settle west of
  the Appalachian Mountains.

Halt!
Appalachian Mountains
10
Stamp Act

• The Stamp Act was a 1765 law that placed new
  duties on legal documents, and taxed newspapers,
  almanacs, playing cards and dice.

11
Repeal

• Repeal means to cancel. After colonists
  boycotted certain goods taxed by the British
  government, parliament would repeal the tax.

12
Townshend Acts

• The Townshend Acts were laws passed in 1767 that
  taxed goods such as glass, paint, and lead.

13
Writ of Assistance

• Writ of Assistance was a legal document that
  allowed British customs officials to inspect a
  ships cargo without giving a reason.

14
Boston Massacre

• The Boston Massacre was a 1770 conflict between
  colonists and British troops in which five
  colonists were killed.

Paul Reveres engraving of the Boston Massacre.
15
Committee of Correspondence

• Committee of Correspondence was a letter writing
  campaign that became a major tool of protest in
  the colonies.

16
Boycott

• A boycott is a refusal to buy goods or service.
  This was a popular protest method used by the
  colonists against British taxes.

17
Tea Act

• The Tea Act was a 1773 law that let the British
  East India Company bypass tea merchants and sell
  tea directly to colonists.

18
Boston Tea Party

• The Boston Tea Party was a 1773 protest in which
  colonists dressed as Indians and dumped British
  tea into Boston harbor.

19
Intolerable Acts

• The Intolerable Acts were a series of laws passed
  in 1774 to punish colonist in Boston for the
  Boston Tea Party.
• To punish the colonists, King George III closed
  the port of Boston until the tea that was
  destroyed was repaid for.
• The colonists could not have anymore town
  meetings.
• And a new Quartering act was introduced.

20
First Continental Congress

• The First Continental Congress was a meeting in
  Philadelphia of delegates from the 12 colonies in
  1774.
• In this meeting, delegates debated on what to do
  about the Intolerable Acts.
• They decided to boycott British products and to
  start militias throughout the colonies.

21
Militia

• A militia is an army of citizens who serve as
  soldiers during an emergency.

22
Minuteman

• A Minuteman was a colonial militia volunteer
  who was prepared to fight at a minutes notice.

23
Battles of Lexington and Concord

• The Battles of Lexington and Concord were
  conflicts between Massachusetts colonists and
  British soldiers that started the Revolutionary
  War in 1775.

24
Chapter 6 Vocabulary The Revolutionary War
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12. Preamble 13. Natural rights 14. Battle of
Long Island 15. Battle of Trenton 16. Battle of
Saratoga 17. Ally 18. Valley Forge 19. Battle of
Cowpens 20. guerrilla 21. Siege 22. Battle of
Yorktown 23. Treaty of Paris 24. ratify

1. Olive Branch Petition
2. Green Mountain Boys
3. Continental Army
4. Patriot
5. Loyalist
6. Battle of Bunker Hill
7. Blockade
8. Mercenary
9. Common Sense
10. Traitor
11. Declaration of Independence

25
Olive Branch Petition

• The Olive Branch Petition was a peace petition
  sent to King George by colonial delegates after
  the battles of Lexington and Concord declaring
  their loyalty to the king asking him to repeal
  the Intolerable Acts.

The olive branch is symbol of peace.
26
Green Mountain Boys
Ethan Allen

• The Green Mountain Boys were Vermont colonial
  militia led by Ethan Allen, which made a surprise
  attack on Fort Ticonderoga, giving Americans
  control of the key route.

27
Continental Army

• The Continental Army was the patriot army
  established by the Second Continental Congress to
  fight the British.

28
Patroit

• A Patriot was a colonist who favored war against
  Great Britain.

29
Loyalist

• A loyalist was a colonist who remained loyal to
  Britain.

30
Battle of Bunker Hill

• Battle of Bunker was the first major battle of
  the Revolution in 1775.

Battle of Bunker Hill
31
Blockade

• A blockade is the shutting off of a port to keep
  people or supplies from moving in or out.
• Great Britain used their navy to blockade the
  colonies so they could not get supplies from
  foreign countries.

32
Mercenary

• A mercenary is a soldier who fights for money and
  is often from a foreign country.
• The British hired mercenaries form Germany called
  Hessians to fight the patriots.

33
Common Sense

• Common Sense was an essay published in 1776 by
  Thomas Paine that urged the colonies to declare
  independence.

34
Traitor

• A traitor is a person who betrays his or her
  country.
• Benedict Arnold (pictured below) betrayed the
  Continental Army when he planned to give the
  British West Point.
• The plan was discovered and he fled to join the
  British.

Benedict Arnold
35
Declaration of Independence

• The Declaration of Independence is a 1776
  document stating that the 13 English colonies
  were a free and independent nation.

36
Preamble

• A preamble is introduction to a declaration,
  constitution or other official document.

37
Natural Rights

• Natural Rights are rights that belong to people
  from birth.

38
Battle of Long Island

• The Battle of Long Island was a 1776 battle in
  New York in which more than 1,400 Americans were
  killed, wounded or captured.

Battle of Long Island
39
Battle of Trenton

• The Battle of Trenton was a 1776 battle in New
  Jersey in which George Washingtons troops
  captured a Hessian encampment in a surprise
  attack.

Delaware River
Washington crossing the Delaware River
Battle of Trenton
40
Battle of Saratoga

• The Battle of Saratoga was the first major
  American victory in the Revolution, which ended
  the British threat in New England in 1777.
• Benedict Arnold and Ethan Allen led soldiers to
  an American victory.
• The Battle convinced France to support the
  patriots.

Battle of Saratoga
41
Ally

• An ally is a nation, or person, who works with
  another for a common purpose.
• France became our ally after the Battle of
  Saratoga.

42
Valley Forge

• Valley Forge was the Pennsylvania site of
  Washingtons Continental Army encampment during
  the winter of 1777-1778.

Valley Forge
43
Battle of Cowpens

• The Battle of Cowpens was a 1781 battle in South
  Carolina, where Americans won an important
  victory over the British.

Battle of Cowpens
44
Guerrilla

• Guerrilla is a term used for a soldier who uses
  hit and run tactics against the enemy.
• Guerrilla warfare is the use of hit and run
  tactics.

45
Siege

• A siege is a military blockade or bombardment of
  an enemy town or position in order to force it to
  surrender.

46
Battle of Yorktown

• The Battle of Yorktown was the final battle in
  the Revolution. This battle in 1781 forced the
  British to surrender.

Battle of Yorktown
47
Treaty of Paris, 1783

• Peace treaty between Great Britain and the
  United States that recognized the United States
  as an independent country.

48
Ratify

• Ratify means to approve of something.

49
Causes
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50
Taxation Without Representation

• After the French and Indian War, King George III
  decided to reduce the debt of Great Britain from
  the war by taxing the colonists.
• The colonists did not like this because they had
  no say on the taxes that were imposed on them by
  parliament. They called this taxation without
  representation.

51
Taxation Without Representation
Below are some taxes imposed by Great Britain on
the colonists. Click on name of tax to find out
about each.
52
Townshend Acts

• The Townshend Acts was a tax in 1767 that taxed
  items used by industry like glass, paint and
  lead.
• The colonists protested the law by boycotting all
  items taxed by the Townshend Acts.
• Colonists in Massachusetts also started committee
  of correspondences to explain British taxes.

53
Sugar Act

• The Sugar Act was a 1764 tax on molasses that
  was made in the colonies and exported to other
  parts of the World.
• The colonists protested against this tax by
  boycotting the sugar imported into the colonies
  to make the molasses.
• The Sugar Act was repealed a year later.

54
Stamp Act

• The Stamp Act was a tax that replaced the Sugar
  Act of 1764.
• The Stamp Act of 1765 was a tax on paper
  products, to include paper products like legal
  documents, newspapers, and playing cards.
• The colonists protested the tax by boycotting
  British paper products and making their own
  paper.
• The Sons of Liberty also were formed during this
  time.

55
Tea Act

• The Tea Act was a 1774 law that let British
  merchants sell their tea directly to the
  colonists without going through colonial
  merchants.
• The colonists did not have to pay that much tax
  on the tea, but still protested the tax because
  it was another example of taxation without
  representation.
• The colonists protested by boycotting tea and by
  making their own tea.
• Eventually the Sons of Liberty protested the Tea
  Act by planning the Boston Tea Party.

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The Boston Tea Party
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• In 1774, members of the Sons of Liberty dressed
  up like Native Americans and threw British tea
  into Boston Harbor to protest the Tea Act.
• The Boston Tea Party made King George III mad.
• To punish the colonists, King George III had
  parliament pass the Intolerable Acts.

57
The French and Indian War

• The French and Indian War was a war fought
  between France and Great Britain between the
  years 1754 to 1763.
• Great Britain won the war, but was in debt.
• To reduce the debt, King George III decided to
  tax the colonists.

58
Other British Policies

• Taxes werent the only things imposed on them
  that they did not like.
• There were other policies of the King the
  colonists did not like.
• Click on the policies below to find out more.

59
The Boston Massacre
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• The Boston Massacre was an event that took place
  in 1770 in Boston that claimed the lives of seven
  colonists.
• Colonists were protesting the Townshend Act
  outside a British tax collectors office in
  Boston.
• Colonists started to harass and throw objects at
  the soldiers sent to protect the tax collector.
• The soldiers then opened fire into the crowd
  killing seven including Crispus Attucks, a Sons
  of Liberty member and former slave.

60
The Boston Massacre
61
Navigation Acts

• The Navigation Acts regulated trade between the
  colonies and other countries.
• Colonists had to buy finished goods from Great
  Britain and could not trade certain goods with
  other countries.

62
Proclamation Act of 1763

• The Proclamation Act of 1763 drew an imaginary
  line down the center of the Appalachian Mountain
  and restricted settlers from moving west of the
  Appalachian Mountains into the Ohio River Valley.
• The Proclamation Act of 1763 was a result of
  Pontiacs War.
• Many colonists ignored the law and moved across
  the Appalachian Mountains anyways.

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Quartering Act

• The Quartering Act required colonists to house
  British Redcoats in their home.
• Colonists had to pay for the soldiers food, drink
  and clothing.
• Colonist used riots to protest this policy

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The Intolerable Acts

• The Intolerable Acts were a series of laws
  created to punish the colonists for the Boston
  Tea Party.
• There was several parts to these laws
• The Port of Boston was closed down until the
  colonist paid for the tea destroyed.
• The colonists could not have any more town
  meetings except for once a year.
• A new Quartering Act was imposed. More soldiers
  were sent over to make sure no Boston Tea Parties
  took place ever again.

65
Patriot Leaders
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• Below are a few of the patriot leaders who led
  the Revolution.
• George Washington
• Thomas Jefferson
• John Adams
• Samuel Adams
• Paul Revere
• Patrick Henry
• Ethan Allen
• Benjamin Franklin

66
George Washington

• Known as The Father of our Country, George
  Washington was the Continental Army commander
  during the American Revolution.

67
Thomas Jefferson

• Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of
  Independence.

68
John Adams

• John Adams co wrote the Declaration of
  Independence with Thomas Jefferson.
• He was also the lawyer who represented the
  British soldiers involved in the Boston Massacre.

69
Samuel Adams

• Samuel Adams was the cousin of John Adams.
• He was a leader in the Sons of Liberty.
• He also organized the Committee of Correspondence
  in Boston, Massachusetts.

70
Benjamin Franklin

• Benjamin Franklin was a diplomat during the war.
• He spent the war over in France getting the King
  to supply money, men and ships for the
  Continental Army.
• It was through his efforts that France became our
  biggest ally.

71
Patrick Henry

• Patrick Henry was another patriot from Virginia
  who spoke out against the British.
• In a famous for saying Give me Liberty, or give
  me Death.

72
Paul Revere

• Sons of Liberty member who was one of two
  midnight riders.
• He became famous for riding to Lexington and
  Concord to warn the colonists that the British
  were coming.

73
Ethan Allen

• Ethan Allen was the leader of the Vermont militia
  known as the Green Mountain Boys.
• Defeated the British at Fort Ticonderoga on May
  5, 1775 without firing a shot.

74
British Leaders
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• British leaders during the Revolution
• King George III
• John Burgoyne
• Lord Cornwallis

75
King George III

• King George III was the king of Great Britain
  during the Revolution.
• He was not liked by patriots because of the
  policies he imposed on the colonists.

76
John Burgoyne

• John Burgoyne was a famous British general who
  came up with a plan to defeat George Washington
  and the Continental Army.
• His plan called for three British armies to
  converge on Albany New York from three different
  directions.
• By capturing Albany, Burgoyne hoped to cut off
  separate the New England colonies from the middle
  and southern colonies.
• Burgoyne believed that by capturing Albany and
  controlling the Hudson River the Continental Army
  would be unable to be resupplied.
• His plan failed because two of his armies were
  defeated at the battles of Saratoga and Fort
  Stanwixs.

77
Lord Cornwallis

• Lord Cornwallis was the leader British forces in
  the Southern colonies.
• He eventually would be defeated by George
  Washington and French forces at Yorktown,
  Virginia in 1781.

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Battles
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Battle of Trenton
Bunker Hill
Valley Forge
Battle of Cowpens
Battle of Saratoga
Lexington And Concord
Battle of Yorktown
Battle of Long Island
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Declaration of Independence
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• The Declaration of Independence was written by
  Thomas Jefferson adopted on July 4, 1776.
• There are three parts to the Declaration of
  Independence
• Part 1 The Purpose of Government
• Part 2 Wrongs Done by the King
• Part 3 Declaring of Independence

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The Purpose of Government

• In the first part, Thomas Jefferson explained
  what the purpose of government is.
• He stated that the purpose of government to
  protect peoples natural rights, also called
  unalienable rights. These are rights that are so
  basic that they cannot be taken away. These
  rights in the Declaration of Independence are
  life, liberty and property.
• He also stated that if a government abuses its
  power and tries to take away these rights then
  the people have the right alter or abolish the
  government and replace it with a new one.

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Wrongs Done By the King

• In the second part, Thomas Jefferson lists all
  the wrongs King George III has done to the
  colonies.
• In this long list of wrongs he mentions such
  things as taxation without representation,
  restricting of trade, and quartering of soldiers
  in peoples homes.

82
Declaration of Independence

• After explaining what the purpose of government
  is and all the wrongs done by the king, Jefferson
  then stated that the colonies were now
  independent from Great Britain.

83
Battles of Lexington and Concord

• The Battles of Lexington and Concord were
  conflicts between Massachusetts colonists and
  British soldiers that started the Revolutionary
  War in 1775.

Lexington
Concord
84
Battle of Long Island

• The Battle of Long Island was a 1776 battle in
  New York in which more than 1,400 Americans were
  killed, wounded or captured.

Battle of Long Island
85
Battle of Trenton

• The Battle of Trenton was a 1776 battle in New
  Jersey in which George Washingtons troops
  captured a Hessian encampment in a surprise
  attack.

86
Battle of Bunker Hill

• Battle of Bunker was the first major battle of
  the Revolution in 1775.
• It was a British victory even though the British
  lost more soldiers than the Americans.

battle of Bunker Hill
87
Valley Forge

• Valley Forge was the Pennsylvania site of
  Washingtons Continental Army encampment during
  the winter of 1777-1778.

Valley Forge
88
Battle of Cowpens

• The Battle of Cowpens was a 1781 battle in South
  Carolina, where Americans won an important
  victory over the British.

Cowpens
89
Battle of Yorktown

• The Battle of Yorktown was the final battle in
  the Revolution. This battle in 1781 forced the
  British to surrender.

Yorktown
90
Battle of Saratoga

• The Battle of Saratoga was the first major
  American victory in the Revolution, which ended
  the British threat in New England in 1777.
• Benedict Arnold and Ethan Allen led soldiers to
  an American victory.
• The Battle convinced France to support the
  patriots.

Saratoga
91
Battles of Lexington and Concord

• The Battles of Lexington and Concord were
  conflicts between Massachusetts colonists and
  British soldiers that started the Revolutionary
  War in 1775.

92
Protest Methods
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• Protest Methods used by colonists to protest
  British policies.
• Boycott
• Sons of Liberty
• Committee of Correspondence
• Tar and Feathering
• Militias
• Diplomacy

93
Boycott

• Boycott is the refusal to buy a good or service.

94
Militia

• A militia is an army of citizens who serve as
  soldiers during an emergency.
• The First Continental Congress started militias
  in every colonies to protest the Intolerable Acts
  in 1774.

95
Diplomacy

• Diplomacy is the solving of problems between to
  opposing groups by communicating and discussions.
• The colonists used this on several occasions to
  try get King George III to change British
  policies in the colonies.
• An example of this is the Olive Branch Petition
  sent to the King after Lexington and Concord.

96
Olive Branch Petition

• The Olive Branch Petition was a peace petition
  sent to King George by colonial delegates after
  the battles of Lexington and Concord declaring
  their loyalty to the king asking him to repeal
  the Intolerable Acts.

The olive branch is symbol of peace.
97
Committee of Correspondence

• Committee of Correspondence was a letter writing
  campaign that became a major tool of protest in
  the colonies.

98
Sons of Liberty

• The Sons of Liberty were a protest group that
  formed after the Stamp Act.
• They protested against British taxes.
• They took part in the Boston Tea Party.
• They also intimated tax collectors using tar and
  feathering.

99
Tar and Feathering

• Tar and feathering was a tactic used by colonists
  to intimidate tax collectors into not collecting
  taxes.
• Colonists would dump hot tar onto tax collector
  and then put chicken feathers onto victim.

100
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