A Template For WECS Integration to Small Power Grids

1
A Template For WECS Integration to Small Power
Grids

• Jason. C. Chadee
• Chandrabhan Sharma
• Kathryn Young

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Agenda

• Overview of SATIS 1999 vs. SATIS 2003
• Global Wind Market Summary Update- Fernando
• High Level discussion on WECS Integration
  template
• Template Implementation to John Dial Site, Tobago
• Hard figures (not an overview) on the tremendous
  and viable prospect for commercial wind power
  generation
• Conclusion and Next Steps
• Contact Information
• QA audience discussion

3
Wind Power Generation is not a Science Project
Anymore
GE WIND PRESIDENT 2003


4
Energy Systems Group Wind Research

• SATIS 1999
• Initial General Framework for WECS Integration-
  Conceptual
• SATIS 2003
• Defined End-to-End Solution for WECS Integration-
  Template
• Template Application with Logged Data- John Dial,
  Tobago
• In-house Developed Software Products Suite

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Some Latest News

• Carbon Emissions still on the increase UNFCC
• Europe, Japan US 17 gt 1990 levels (Kyoto
  Protocol)
• AusWEA reports doubling in wind installations
  (106 MW 227MW) in last 6 months. 10 target
  from renewables by 2010.
• UK massive offshore expansion of 6000MW by 2010.
  10 2010 target.
• World Bank approved US20 B for Phillippines
  Rural Electrification Programme.
• EWEA sets sights on 180,000MW Wind in Europe by
  2020.
• President European Commission visions zero carbon
  energy system by 2050.
• GE Wind 1 year on- Sales up 40 (US2 B in new
  orders).

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Problem Definition

• Problems
• Limited literature of WECS integration to small
  grids
• The need for a generalized template in view of
  the rapid growth of global WECS installations
  (35 annually, from 1995 2002, currently
  31,000MW installed capacity globally)
• Proposal
• A scientific method for WECS integration in the
  form of a template
• John Dial is used as an illustration

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Template
INTEGRATION VALUE
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WRA
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Wind Profile of John Dial

• Annual mean wind speed 4.9 m/s at 10m
• Class 5 site at 50m
• At a hub height of 50m, a typical turbine will
  operate 77 of the year
• Moderate turbulence at 10m
• Most persistent and energetic winds - NNE
• Diurnal pattern is consistently bell shaped
• Dry season months are windier
• Annual wind shear exponent of 0.29

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WECS Selection Methodology
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Results - John Dial case study
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Vestas V80-2MW

• Low efficiency
• Superior energy production 8707MWh/yr
• High Capacity Factor 49.7
• Rated wind speed 15 m/s
• Induction motor with planetary gearbox

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Wind Energy Economics

• Establish factors that affect wind energy
  economics
• Unit Cost of Electricity (UCE) Internal Rate of
  Return (IRR)

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Results - John Dial case study

• Wind Generation
• UCE 2.15 - 3.38 US cents/kWh
• IRR 10-18
• Conventional generation
• UCEave 3.5US cents/kWh

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WECS Reliability Study

• Determines the value or worth of the WECS to the
  utility
• Capacity Credit
• Energy value
• Assesses the impact of WECS penetration on system
  reliability

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ELCC for 4 turbines
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Results - John Dial case study
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Electrical Effect of WECS on grid

• Power Flow
• Short Circuit Analysis
• Stability
• Changing wind speeds
• Transient stability

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WECS Connection
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User written model
Vw
Vw gtVR
NO
YES
Vwlt VF
Vw gtVC
YES
YES
NO
NO
Pmech 0
Pmech 0
Calculate Pmech
Pmech gtMAX Pmech
YES
NO
Pmech MAX Pmech
Calculate time derivative of Pmech
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Scenarios

• Case 1 - Changing wind speed at 1 m/s every 10sec
• Case 2 - Changing wind speed at 1 m/s every
  0.5sec
• Case 3 - An 18 m/s gust for 5 sec
• Case 4 - Fault at Scarborough bus

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Conclusions

• Developed an improved WRA
• Developed a novel method to select the most
  suitable turbine
• Quantified WECS profitability from two
  perspectives (normally UCE is only used)
• Quantified the WECS value via the capacity credit
  (important)
• Investigated electrical effects of WECS
  integration
• power flow short circuit analyses
• stability analysis developed a user written
  wind turbine model for PSS/E

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• WECS integration into a small grid was thoroughly
  examined
• Highlighted major issues and concerns of WECS
  integration
• Illustrated a real world application of template
  (actual wind speed data, actual grid commercial
  turbines)
• Template can provide user with a holistic view
  and comprehensive understanding from several
  perspectives

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Template
INTEGRATION VALUE SOFTWARE SUITES
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Is John Dial Suitable For Wind Generation?

• ABSOLUTELY !
• Mean wind speed
• Class 5 site at 50m (Very good)
• 2MW WECS 8707MWh/yr and CF 49
• UCE between 2 3 US cents/kWh
• WECS can displace 40 of similarly rated
  conventional generation
• No adverse electrical effects for small WECS
  penetration (lt10)
• Increases bus bar voltages near WECS
• Increases stiffness of the grid
• Voltage and frequency deviations are
  insignificant despite wind speed variation

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Next Steps

• MEEI, TTEC UWI JVs to accelerate
  Commercialisation- No pilot Project but a Plan of
  Action
• Public Awareness Campaign Education
• UWI Wind Energy Workshop 2004
• Rural Electrification
• Wind Powering Tobago

27
Wind Power Generation is not a Science Project
Anymore
GE WIND PRESIDENT 2003



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THANK YOU

• QUESTIONS?