Surface Water: Streams

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Surface Water Streams Rivers Review

• Ch 13

2

• A ___________________ is all the land drained by
  a stream and its tributaries.

3

• Watershed (drainage basin)

4

• ____________ is the lowest level a stream can
  erode to.
• Lakes and rivers ? local (temporary)
  ________________
• Ocean (sea level) ? ultimate (final)
  _______________

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• Base level

6

• ______________- steepness of the slope

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• gradient

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• A stream can carry materials in these 3 ways
• 1.
• 2.
• 3.

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• 1. solution
• 2. suspension
• 3. bed load

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• As stream approaches base level
• Gradient (increases/decreases)
• Velocity (increases/decreases)
• (More/Less) erosion of bed, (more/less) erosion
  of sides

11

• Gradient decreases (flatter)
• Velocity decreases (slower)
• Less erosion of bed, more erosion of sides

12

• ______________ are not found in streams in flat,
  low-lying regions.
• A. broad, gently sloping valleys
• B. meanders
• C. deltas
• D. oxbow lakes
• E. straight channels

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• E. straight channels

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• The western divide of the Mississippi River
  drainage basin is in the _____________.

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• Rocky Mountains

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• What is a flood?

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• when a river overflows its banks

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• gradient change in ?
• change in ?

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• gradient change in elevation
• change in distance

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• A tributary is __________________.

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• tributary- a stream that runs into another stream
  or river

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• __________ stream
• Steep gradient (slope)
• Flow in a straight line
• Erodes downward
• V-shaped valley (canyon, gorge, chasm)
• steep, almost vertical sides and narrow bottom
• Form
• in areas of less rainfall
• when river cuts into bed rapidly
• when rock is resistant to erosion
• ____________ stream
• Small gradient (slope)/flatter
• Meandering (winding, bends)
• Erodes wider instead of deeper
• More discharge
• _____________ stream
• Very small/shallow gradient (almost horizontal)

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• Young Stream
• Mature stream
• Old stream

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• When a river overflows onto its floodplain, the
  velocity decreases sediment is immediately
  deposited. Thick deposits build up along stream
  banks and form elevated (raised) ridges called
  __________________.

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• levees

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• Why were many agricultural areas formed near
  rivers?

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• Fertile soil ( water for irrigation)

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• (Steeper/Gentler) slope ? closer to vertical

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• Steeper

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• A ___________________-moving stream can erode
  materials more quickly and carry larger
  particles.

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• fast

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The water at D is moving _____.
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• slow

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• Groundwater that seeps into a river contributes
  most of the materials that the river carries
  ____________.
• A. in suspension
• B. in solution
• C. as bed load

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• B. in solution

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• ______________________ the process by which land
  is worn away at the head of a stream or erosion

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• Headward erosion

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• Profile of a Straight Section of a Stream
• How is the water moving at each point? Fast or
  slow?

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(No Transcript)
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• (Steeper/Gentler) slope ? closer to horizontal
  (flat)

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• Gentler

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• the distance water
  travels in a given amount of time
• Related to the amount of energy
• a river has

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• velocity

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• When a river flows into a lake, it will
  (lose/gain) energy and (suspend/deposit) its
  sediment.

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• Lose, deposit

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• A river flowing into a delta splits into
  ___________________.

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• distributaries

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What is this feature?
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• An oxbow lake

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• ____________-- the path through which the water
  flows in a stream or river

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• channel

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• A ____________ is the high land that separates
  one drainage basin from another.

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• divide

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• The section of the river valley that is
  underwater during a flood is the ___________.

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• Floodplain

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Cross Sectional View of a Meander
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• A. cut bank
• B. point bar

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• When a streams energy decreases, materials can
  no longer be transported and are dropped. This is
  known as __________________.

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• deposition

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• _______________ fan-shaped deposit of silt
  clay that forms when a river flows into a quiet
  or large body of water
• Resembles a triangle, surface is flat
• Results from a decrease in the rivers energy
• Balance between erosion and deposition

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• Delta

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The water at C is moving _______.
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• fast

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• Stream discharge velocity decrease when
  ______________.

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• the amount of water in the stream decreases.

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• A semi-circular body of water that forms in an
  old-age stream when water forms a cutoff and
  deposits sediments that separate a meander from
  the river is called a(n) ________.

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• Oxbow lake

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What is the name of the feature shown by
the curved arrow?
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• meander

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• ________________ the total amount of sediment a
  stream can carry

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• Capacity

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• A ____________ is a river and all of its
  tributaries

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• River system

74

• A straight, wide river with a deep channel and
  few boulders will have (less/more) friction and
  (slower/faster) water.

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• Less, faster

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What is the name of feature E?
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• Point bar

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• ______________ are not found in streams in
  mountainous regions.
• A. v-shaped valleys
• B. waterfalls
• C. rapids
• D. oxbow lakes
• E. straight channels

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• D. oxbow lakes

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• The volume of water flowing past a given point in
  a stream is its ____________.

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• discharge

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• A shallow, winding river with a lot of boulders
  will have (greater/less) friction and
  (faster/slower) water.

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• Greater, slower

84

• ______________ maximum size of the particles a
  stream can carry

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• Competence

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What is the name of feature B?
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• Cut bank

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• Materials such as silt and clay that make a river
  look muddy are carried _________.
• A. in solution
• B. in suspension
• C. as bed load

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• B. in suspension

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• The velocity of a stream is affected by
  _________.
• 1.
• 2.
• 3.

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• 1. Gradient (slope or steepness)
• 2. Discharge (amount of water)
• 3. Channel
• Size (width depth)
• Shape of the path (straight/curved)
• Texture (smooth/rough)

92

• _______________ eroded rock soil materials
  that are transported downstream

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• load

94

• Running water is an agent of __________.
• A. weathering
• B. erosion
• C. infiltration

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• B. erosion

96
What feature is labeled ???
Ocean
???
River
97

• delta

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• When larger particles are rolled, bounced, or
  slid along the bottom of a stream, they are
  called __________.

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• Bed load

100
What is the name of feature A?
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• Flood plain

102

• When a steep mountain stream meets dry, level
  land a(n) ___________ forms.

103

• Alluvial fan