Tensile Properties of Used Paper/Recycled LDPE Blends

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• Tensile Properties of Used Paper/Recycled LDPE
  Blends
• Prepared by
• Ayat Ata-Allah Hayfa Mubarakeh
• Supervised by
• Eng. Shadi Sawalha

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Contents

• Problem Description
• Objectives
• Definitions
• Experimental Work
• Results and Discussion
• Conclusion
• Recommendation

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The Problem

• Huge amounts of waste paper are produced from
  schools, universities, libraries, printing
  centers, ...etc.
• Large amounts of waste LDPE produced from local
  industries.
• The non biodegradability of LDPE.

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Objectives

• Reduce the amounts of waste paper and LDPE which
  pollute the environment.
• Improve the properties of both paper and Low
  Density Polyethylene such as modulus of
  elasticity, ductility and others.
• Enhance the biodegradability of LDPE.

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Definitions

• Paper is a material composed of fibers that is
  converted to pulp and then to compact web,
  pressed and dried.

• Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) is a
  thermoplastic made from oil. It is a highly
  processable material which is unreactive at room
  temperature and has low density.

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Cont (Definitions)

• Whey is a byproduct from dairy industry such as
  yoghurt and labaneh.
• Modulus of elasticity is a measure of the
  material resistance to elastic deformation.
• Ductility is the ability of material to
  withstand plastic deformation up to fracture.

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Experimental Work
Experimental work
Blending of paper and LDPE
Recycling of paper
Statistical study of waste amount
Testing
Appearance
Density
Tensile test
Using simple techniques
Adding modifying agents
Different products
With paper as particles
As composite sheets
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Cont (Experimental Work)

• Tensile test
• This test was done by using Gunt Hamberg 310
  WP apparatus, which was used to find modulus of
  elasticity and ductility as percentage of
  elongation.

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Cont (Experimental Work)

• Density
• Was measured for the produced recycled paper
  by taking a small sample and measuring its mass
  to volume, this was done for three trials.

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Cont (Experimental Work)

• Appearance
• Softness, shining, color and coherence were
  observed for the papers produced.

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Recycling Process
Collection of Waste Paper
Paper Pulping
Water
Cleaning and Screening
Dirt Water
Pressing
Waste Water
Drying
Final Product
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Results Discussion

• From the statistical study
• 30 tons of waste paper are produced yearly at
  An-Najah National University.
• One ton of waste LDPE is produced from each 30
  tons raw material in the local plastic
  industries.

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Cont (Results Discussion)

• Recycled papers
• The recovery of the produced recycled paper was
  in the range of (77-80) wt.
• Density of the produced paper was equal to (277
  Kg/m3).

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Cont (Results Discussion)

• Improvement of papers modulus of elasticity

Recycled Paper Modulus of Elasticity (Mpa) Degree of Improvement
Pure recycled paper 436 17.4
Recycled paper with the addition of whey 512 17.4
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Cont (Results Discussion)

• Paper and LDPE
• Recycled paper has (436Mpa) modulus of elasticity
  higher than (262Mpa) for LDPE this means that if
  these two materials mixed together, the new
  product will have better characteristics, as
  shown in the following figure.

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Cont (Results Discussion)
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Cont (Results Discussion)

• Blending of paper and LDPE
• Paper as particles
• As filler to LDPE, paper can be used up to
  10 as weight percent as shown in the following
  figure

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Cont (Results Discussion)
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Cont (Results Discussion)

• The relationship between ductility and the paper
  percentage is shown in the following figure.

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Cont (Results Discussion)
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Cont (Results Discussion)

• Paper as sheets
• Paper and LDPE can be used as composite sheets of
  multiple layers which can be used in many
  important applications.
• For this case, the improvement of modulus of
  elasticity doesnt depend on the percentage of
  paper only, but also on the sheets arrangement.

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Cont (Results Discussion)
State Paper (wt ) Sample
Two layers pure recycled paper/three layers recycled LDPE 3 S1
One layer pure recycled paper/two layers recycled LDPE 3.7 S2
One layer pure recycled paper/one layer recycled LDPE 6 S3
Two layers pure recycled paper/one layer recycled LDPE 9.7 S4
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Cont (Results Discussion)
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Cont (Results Discussion)
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Applications

• The produced recycled paper has many types of
  applications such as cartons, toilet paper, egg
  cartons and boxes for packaging.

Carton
Toilet Paper
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Cont (Applications)

• Sheets of recycled paper/LDPE have a wide range
  of uses such as
• Handling bags, packaging material, cartons or
  boxes for transportation of goods and it could be
  used as a construction material.

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Related Studies
Comparison with other previous study
Paper/LDPE composite sheets Cardboard composite panels
Raw material Waste paper and recycled LDPE Recycled cardboard, LDPE, aluminum sheets
Product Recycled paper, composite sheets of the above two materials Composite panels
Uses and applications Paper Cartons, toilet paper, egg cartons and for packaging as boxes. Sheets Handling bags, as construction material and in isolation systems. Furniture manufacture, flooring, roofing, dividing walls, and kitchen cabinets.
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Cont (Results Discussion)
Paper/LDPE composite sheets Cardboard composite panels
Findings Paper could be used as filler to LDPE, also they could be used as composite sheets. This will improve the physical properties and increase the biodegradability of LDPE. composite cardboards overlaid with veneers could be considered as an alternative raw material with accepted properties to be used in furniture applications

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Conclusion

• About 30 tons waste office paper is produced from
  An-Najah National University yearly.
• A recovery with a range of (77-80) can be
  achieved from paper recycling.
• The density of the recycled paper produced was
  about (277 Kg/m3).

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Cont (Conclusion)

• Modulus of elasticity has a 17.4 improvement,
  and other properties of recycled paper can be
  improved by the addition of some modifying agents
  such as whey.

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Cont (Conclusion)

• Paper can be used as filler to LDPE up to 10 as
  weight percent.
• Composite sheets of paper and LDPE can be used in
  many important applications.

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Recommendation

• Starch can be used in the process of paper
  recycling to increase the absorbency of paper
  surface.
• The squeeze of waste fruits and vegetables may
  cause gelatinization of paper, and so give less
  absorbency of its surface.

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Cont (Recommendation)

• Heating of paper pulp during the recycling
  process facilitate the deinking and discoloring
  of paper.
• Carbonizing of waste paper can be done for many
  purposes such as a source of energy or to blend
  it with recycled LDPE.

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Cont (Recommendation)

• Waste paper could Also be used as thermal
  isolation material.
• Small particles of waste paper can be merged with
  LDPE in the extruder, but drying should be
  obtained before each process.

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Cont (Recommendation)

• Biodegradation of Waste paper produces methane
  gas which could be used as fuel.
• Further experiments with different values of
  temperature and pressing period of composite
  sheets may give wider range of better results.

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Huge amounts of waste LDPE
Using modifying agents
Huge amounts of waste paper
Non Biodegrad-ability of LDPE
Blending of Paper LDPE
Recycling of paper
Problem Objectives
Solution
Reduce amounts of waste
Increase biodegrade-bility of LDPE
Propereties improvment