American Revolution/ French Revolution

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American Revolution/French Revolution

• Unit 1 Essential Question 2
• How did the principles and philosophies of the
  revolutions in England, the U.S. France and Latin
  America promote self-government and individual
  liberties?

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Signing of Declaration of Independence
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(No Transcript)
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American Revolution

• Began w/Declaration of Independence
• long war (1776-1781)
• goal was independence/ representative government
• successful

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French Revolution

• Began w/formation of National Assembly and
  storming of Bastille
• reforms could not be sustained
• goal was to end oppression of monarchy/feudalism
• unsuccessful

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Britain Mutilated after Revolution
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Both Revolutions

• Influenced by Enlightenment ideas (What are some
  examples?)
• 18th Century
• rebelled against a king (Who are they?)
• period of chaos followed revolution

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Writers denounce existing conditions and provide
new goals and ideas

• American
• Colonial lawyers protested the Stamp Act, and
  leaders encourage conflict with British
  authorities

• French
• Rousseau and Voltaire spread new ideas about
  power and authority in government. Enlightenment
  ideas about democracy and equality

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Voltaire(French Thinkers)Rousseau
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Public discontent result in riots and other acts
of violence

• Colonists engaged in protests and boycotts,
  including the Boston Tea Party

• Violent rebellion(Storming of the Bastille)
  Peasants rob nobles manors, and a mob of women
  attack Versailles (7000)

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French Revolution Intellectual Causes

• Liberty - Human Rights/Natural Rights.
• The sovereignty of the people.
• Equality - meant equal rights for all under the
  Law.

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Storming of the Bastille
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British Satire of the Boston Tea Party
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The ruling group is frightened into making
repeated concessions until power is transferred.

• British Parliament repealed the Stamp Act
  Britain fought the colonists and lost

• King and Queen forced to declare support for the
  revolution and joined the National Assembly in
  wiping out Old Regime privileges

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The reformers carry out their reforms, but if
their measures are drastic, the nation splits
into rival groups

• The weak national government led to Shays
  rebellion.

• National Assembly strips church of political
  independence Catholic peasants stopped
  supporting the revolution Legislative Assembly
  formed (radicals, moderates, liberals)

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Radicals seize power from moderates and try to
impose their views on the nation

• Colonial leaders created a new constitution and a
  new system of government

• 1792, radicals in the Jacobin Club urged the
  National Convention to abolish the monarch and
  establish a republic. King found guilty of
  treason and executed.

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The public tires of the radicals, and moderates
regain power.

• Moderate leaders of National Convention turned on
  Robespierre and company drafted a new
  constitution and gave power to middle class
  Constitution called for a two house legislature
  and an executive body (Directory)

• Moderates gained the addition of a Bill of Rights
  to the Constitution