Zoology Edition

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Lets have a brief discussion on
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The common diseases / disorders in the brain are
STROKE. BRAIN HAEMORRHAGE.
MENINGITIS (brain fever). ALZHEIMERs
DISEASE.
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STROKE
Stroke causes both physical and mental
crippling. It is a world wide health problem. It
can occur at any age.
Stroke is a rapidly developed clinical sign of
focal disturbances of cerebral function lasting
more than 24 hours of leading to death. World
Health Organization
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STROKE

• A blood clot or Thrombus in the cerebral vessel
  is called Stroke or Cerebral Thrombosis.
• Stroke may be caused due to vascular occlusion,
  which is a blockage in the cerebral artery.
• Occlusion and stroke lead to infarction
• Infarction leads to abnormal symptoms in the brain

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vascular occlusion
Vascular Occlusion is of two types Thrombotic Emb
olic
Embolus is a portion of the thrombus clot that
becomes detached and enters into circulating
blood. An embolus may block the circulation to
vital parts leading to the serious consequences
egmemory loss
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Brain Haemorrhage
Haemorrhage and the stroke are also due to
vascular malformations

• Haemorrhage or bleeding of brain vessels may be
  caused by
• hypertension,
• bursting of blood vessels or
• due to aneurysm wherein the arterial wall bulges
  and forms like a sac like structure and ruptures
  later.

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STROKE risk factors
risk factors may lead to stroke and brain
haemorrhage Stenosis (widening of valvular
orifice) Cardiac abnormalities, Elevated blood
lipids, Hypertension, Smoking, Diabetes Obesity,
One can prevent the risk factors by controlling
these risk factors.
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Alzheimers Disease.
Alzheimers disease is otherwise called Chronic
Brain Syndrome
This disease becomes more and more prevalent
among the aged persons. The aged people beyond 80
almost 50 are affected invariably. Occasionally
people develop the disease before 50 or even
before the age of 40.
Alzheimers disease is characterized by the
progressive loss of memory followed by general
loss of cognitive functions and death.
Alzheimers disease is commonly attributed to
genetic mutation. People with Down syndrome are
invariably affected with this disease
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Alzheimers Disease.

• Alzheimers disease is associated with the
  atrophy of cerebral cortex.
• Neurons undergo degeneration.
• In the damaged regions plagues appear
• (Due to the degeneration of axons and
  dendrites)

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Meningitis Brain fever
Meningitis refers to the inflammatory condition
of the brain membranes and the sub-arachnoid
space. This is caused by bacterial
infection, fungal infection, viral
infection.
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Meningitis Brain fever
Clinical symptoms Stiffness of the neck,
Photophobia, Headache, Irritability,
Fever and other Neurological Symptoms.
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