Rootstocks for Fruit Trees

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Rootstocks for Fruit Trees

• General comments

www.Hortilover.com
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Rootstocks for Fruit Trees

• General characteristics of Rootstocks
• Specific Crops
• Pome fruits
• Stone fruits
• Grapes and other small fruits
• Nut crops

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Reading

• Ryugo. Fruit Culture Its Science and Art
• Chapter 4. Physiology and function of roots, p.
  61-68.
• Chapter 10. Nursery practices and management, p.
  223-244.

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Compound Genetic System

• Stion Scion Rootstock

Scion
Stion
Rootstock
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Root System Characteristics

• Dynamic plant organ which serves for
• Anchorage
• Nutrient and water uptake and translocation
• Conversion, synthesis, and storage
• Important Horticultural Traits
• Ease of propagation
• Tolerance to edaphic stresses
• Soil types
• Pathogens and pests
• Growth control and precocity
• Maximize fruit yield and quality
• Compound Genetic System
• Rootstock Scion Stion combination

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Anchorage

• Peach

• Species differences
• More lateral
• Peach, plum, mazzard
• Transplant readily
• More vertical
• Almond, apricot, mahaleb

Apricot
Almond
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Anchorage
Stockton Morello cutting

• Seedling vs. Cutting
• Cutting more lateral growth
• Seedling more vertical growth

Mahaleb seedling
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Anchorage Planting Density
High density planting
Low density planting
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Anchorage Environmental Effects
Sandy layer
Hardpan
High water table
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AnchorageRoot Distribution and Soil Texture
Well Drained Sandy Loam
Poorly Drained Loam
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Nutrient and Water Uptake

• Dependent on root distribution
• Most in top 18-24
• Spread more in sand vs. clay
• Active process
• Tolerance to calcareous soil
• Tolerance to salinity

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• Convert
• Nitrates to amino acids
• Store
• Carbohydrates and nutrients over winter
• Important for flowering and early spring growth
• Synthesize
• Cytokinins

• Apple rootstocks

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Ease of Propagation

• Seed
• Apple, pear, peach, nuts, persimmon
• Clonal - vegetative
• Apple, pear, grape, plum
• No rootstock
• Grape, fig, berries, filberts

Peach seed
Peach seedlings budded
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Ease of Propagation

• Uniform rapid growth
• Virus status
• Graft compatibility

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Tolerance to Stress

• Edaphic
• Texture
• Waterlogging
• Drought
• Soil pH

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Tolerance to Stress

• Pathogens
• Nematodes
• Armillaria
• Fire blight
• Phytophthora
• Cotton root rot

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Tolerance to Stress

• Pests
• Phylloxera
• Wooly Apple Aphid
• Voles

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Growth Control and Precocity

• Induce little growth
• Dwarfing rootstocks

• Induce earlier fruiting
• 3 years vs. 7 years

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Maximize yield and quality

• Yield
• 50 increase in yield efficiency
• Apple rootstocks
• M9 vs. Seedling

• Quality
• Size
• Increased soluble solids
• Physiological disorders in pear
• Black end of fruit
• Cork spot

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Ideal Rootstock

• Freestanding
• Precocious
• Dwarfing
• Graft compatible

• Disease Insect resistant
• Widely adaptable
• High Yielding
• High quality

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