Chloride

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Chloride Sodium Concentrations
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A Bit Smaller
Conesus 14 km2
Hemlock 7 km2
Canadice 3 km2
Honeoye 7 km2
Canandaigua 42 km2
Keuka 47 km2
Seneca 175 km2
Cayuga 172 km2
Owasco 27 km2
Skaneateles 36 km2
Otisco 8 km2
Superior 82,414 km2
Michigan 22,400 km2
Huron 23,010 km2
Erie 9,930 km2
Ontario 7,520 km2
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Seneca Lake WatershedLand Use, Subwatersheds
Bedrock Geology
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Source Chloride Sodium Ions
Seneca Lake
Cathy Caiazza (WS05)Duke U. PhD Program
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Source Chloride Sodium Ions
Timothy Riley (H01)SUNY-ESF, Masters Science
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Source Salts Sodium Ions Mass balance data
Rain 0 ppmDilutes Ions in Lake
Evaporation 0 ppmConcentrates Ions in Lake
Seneca Lake 80 ppm (1.2 million tons)
Outlet 80 ppm60,000 mt/yr
Streams 20 ppm15,000 mt/yrRoad Salt
Industry?Groundwater / Rock Salt Bedrock? 40 to
45,000 mt/yr Sodium (450 railroad
cars) plus 60 to 70,000 mt/yr Chloride
(680 railroad cars)
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Finger Lake Bedrock
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Basin Depths
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Source Chloride Sodium Ions
Bedrock X-Section
Lake 5 mMol
Rock Salt
North
South
Sediment Pore Waters
Rob Stewart, (H03)Environmental Consulting
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Is Seneca Lake too Salty to Drink?
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An Evolving StoryAdditional Data?
Sukeforth, 2006, HWS
Road Salt
Road Salt and ??
Road Salt
Jolly, 2005, USGS
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Salinitys Recent Decline
1997-2011 April CTD Data
2010 CTD Data
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Modeling the Chloride Trends
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US Salt Cargill Salt, Solution MinesWatkins
Glen
Gas Storage?