Overview of the Smart Grid

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Overview of the Smart Grid
Smarter Networks, Bristol, June  23-24th
Guillaume dEyssautier, CEO
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What is the Smart Grid

• The Smart Grid is a developing network of
  transmission lines, equipment, controls and new
  technologies working together to respond
  immediately to our 21st Century demand for
  electricity

Consumer Engagement
Smart Homes Meters
Distribution Intelligence
Plug-In Electric Vehicles
Grid Operation Centers
Renewable Energy
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What Makes a Grid Smart?

• digital technology that allows for two-way
  communication between the utility and its
  customers
• sensing along the transmission lines
• Like the Internet, the Smart Grid will consist
  of controls, computers, automation, and new
  technologies and equipment working together

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What does a Smart Grid do?

• The Smart Grid represents an unprecedented
  opportunity to move the energy industry into a
  new era of reliability, availability, and
  efficiency that will contribute to our economic
  and environmental health.
• The benefits associated with the Smart Grid
  include
• More efficient transmission of electricity
• Quicker restoration of electricity after power
  disturbances
• Reduced operations and management costs for
  utilities, and ultimately lower power costs for
  consumers.
• Reduced peak demand, which will also help lower
  electricity rates
• Increased integration of large-scale renewable
  energy systems
• Better integration of customer-owner power
  generation systems, including renewable energy
  systems
• Improved security

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Challenges for the implementation of a Smart Grid

• Hundreds of million of devices will be connected
• Power Generation
• Metering devices
• Sensing devices Outage detection
• Static Power consuming devices ( Industrial,
  Commercial, Consumer Appliances)
• Mobile Power consuming devices ( EVs )
• Etc
• How do we manage all of this ?

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Need for a Smart Electricity Network

• Integrated communication infrastructure that
  enables near real time , two-way exchanges of
  information and power
• AMI that record and communicate detailed
  information about energy usage
• Sensors and monitoring systems that check the
  flow of energy and performance of the networks
  assets
• Automatic controls that detect and repair network
  problems
• Advanced infrastructure that improve network
  performance
• IT systems with integrated applications and data
  analysis

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The need for Distributed Intelligence
No real time feedback on usage
Largely based on modelisation
Not yet smart

• The Smart Grid will allow the customer to
  participate in the market
• Benefit from dynamic pricing
• Managed their power consumption
• Resell micro generated power
• Store and give back power ( PEVs)

Need to be educated
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Smart Metering what does each one need?

• Utilities need
• Low cost meter
• Technical performances PLC, low power,
  reliability,
• Open and multi-manufacturer solution
• Meter manufacturers need
• To fulfil technical and economical specifications
• Fast time to market
• Design based on open standards

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Communication Technology for the Smart Grid
Market trend

• Numerous technologies are vying for the smart
  metering market
• Narrow Band PLC is the best, most comprehensive,
  communication solutions

Price Baud Rate Distance Network Coverage Power Consumption Deployment Cost Operational Cost
PLC
BPL
ZIGBEE
RF ISM
GSM/GPRS
PLC narrow band ( 50KHz) Power Line
Communication BPL Broad band ( MHz ) Power Line
communication
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Communication Technology for the Smart Grid-
Wireless
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Communication Technology for the Smart Grid-
Wireless ZigBee prevails
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Communication Technology for the Smart Grid -
Wireless Zigbee

• Zigbee support 3 frequencies, the worldwide is
  2.4Ghz which have a big attenuation with the
  concrete walls and high humidity environments.
• Big attenuation, means big number or repetitions
  and hops. Decreasing a lot the theoretical data
  rate
• .

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Communication Technology for the Smart Grid -
Wireless Zigbee
Red Areas indicate where communication is not
possible
20m
10m
10m
Test in building made of walls reinforced with
iron, Bricks walls and Plasterboard walls.
29m
ZigBee Board
9m
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Communication Technology for the Smart Grid PLC
vs Zigbee

• Zigbee was designed for in-home applications
  starting from a start type network for small
  number of nodes
• to create a big network it requires to add
  coordinators and routers which are power
  consuming.
• PLC support bigger network with less cost. PLC
  network is created with the structure of
  electrical cable and support a higher number of
  nodes without extra cost and penalties on the
  data rate and much less power
• .

Zigbee Network
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Communication Technology for the Smart Grid PLC
vs Zigbee

• PLC support bigger network with less cost. PLC
  network is created with the structure of actual
  electrical cable and support a higher number of
  nodes without extra cost and penalties on the
  data rate and much less power

Base Node transmits Beacons (BPDU) BC0
Switch transmits its own Beacon (BPDU) BC1
T(0,1)
T(0,4)
T(0,2)
T(0,3)
BC4 transmitted by S(2,0)
T(1,1)
T(1,2)
T(2,1)
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Communication Technology for the Smart Grid
Market deployment
Top European Utilities
Company Country EM million Smart meter tech (PLC)
1 EDF France 42 SFSK/ OFDM
2 Enel Italy 30 FSK/BPSK
3 Iberdrola Spain 12 PRIME
4 Endesa Spain 13 BPSK
5 Vattenfall Sweden 7.3 OFDM
6 Scottish Power Scotland 5.3 PRIME
7 CEZ Czech 2.5 PRIME
8 EDP Portugal 6.1 PRIME
9 Gas Natural Fenosa Spain 4.2 PRIME
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• C

• ompany Facts

• ADD Semiconductor (Advanced Digital Design S.A.)
  established in 2001, started operation in 2007
• Spin-out of the University of Zaragoza
• 45 employees, 30 dedicated to Research
  Development
• Offices in SPAIN, USA, CHINA, INDIA

• Provider of the worlds best, low cost and highly
  efficient, Power Line Communications (PLC)
  solution for smart grid and lighting applications
  consisting of chipsets, modules and software
  stacks

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ADD Focuses on Metering and Control

• System on Chip (SoC) PLC for low and medium
  voltage electric grid transmission medium
• Low cost solution for Smart Metering
  communication
• Low power PLC chips for Lighting, Solar PV and
  Home Industrial Automation
• Full Digital Process using patent pending DSP
  technology to implement analog functions on
  standard low-cost digital process gives ADD SoCs
  high efficiency at a very low power
• All ADD designs are based on standard, open and
  cost-free protocols
• ADD is able to develop on demand proprietary SoC
  solutions for specific applications
• Current solutions are based on 180 nm technology,
  but new chips are designed in 90nm

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Applicable Markets

• ADDs PLC solution is applicable to numerous
  Smart Grid markets
• Smart Metering
• Multi-modulations and protocols solutions
• Founding member of the latest
  communication standard
• Lighting Control
• Street and Industrial lighting
• Home lighting
• Solar PV Wind Farm Installations
• Home Industrial Automation
• With dedicated h/w and s/w platforms for
  consumers

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