Title: NEW YORK MEDICAL COLLEGE Environmental Health and Safety Department
1NEW YORK MEDICAL COLLEGEEnvironmental Health and
Safety Department
- BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS (BBPs)
- Training Program
2Objectives
- To recognize the agency that regulates the BBP
standard - List BBP covered the standard
- To recognize what the hazardous are and how you
can be exposed - To apply safe work practices when working with
blood and other bodily fluids - To manage disposal of contaminated biohazard
materials
3Regulators
- OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1030
- (Occupational Safety and Health Administration)
- Covers ALL employees who may be exposed to blood
and other potential infectious material (OPIM)
4What is a Bloodborne Pathogen?
- A pathogenic organism present in blood (in
addition to other body fluids), which may cause
disease in humans
5Bloodborne Pathogens
- Of Particular Concern
- (covered under the OSHA standard)
- Human Immunodeficiency (HIV)
- Hepatitis B (HBV)
- Hepatitis C (HCV)
-
- Other examples include malaria, syphilis, African
sleeping sickness, leptospirosis, relapsing fever
(Borrelia), and viral hemorrhagic fevers
(including Ebola)
6Who is at risk for BBP Exposure?
- Anyonebut particularly
- Laboratory personnel
- Physicians
- Nurses
- Phlebotomists
- Laundry and Janitorial workers
- EMT/Paramedics
7Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
- First recognized in 1981
- Infects key cells in the human body that are part
of the immune system, specifically CD4 and T
cells - Modes of transmission sexual intercourse, direct
contact with infected blood, and from an infected
mother to her unborn child - 1 in 300 possibility of getting infected after
exposure from needlestick or 11000 from mucosal
splash - Can only survive a short time outside a host
- No vaccine or cure available
8Hepatitis
- Hepatitis is a viral disease of the liver that
can results in chronic liver disease. - There are 5 well known viral strains of hepatitis
- Hepatitis B and C are bloodborne pathogens
- There is a 1 in 3 chance of contracting HBV/HCV
after exposure. - Hep B/C can survive on environmental surfaces.
Decontamination is important with 10 bleach
solution - The number of new HBV infections per year has
declined from an average of 260,000 in the 1980s
to about 60,000 in 2004. The number of new HCV
infections per year has declined from an average
of 240,000 in the 1980s to about 26,000 in 2004. - CDC website (March 2005),
- http//www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/hepatitis/b/ind
ex.htm
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10Transmission of BBPs
- Sexual Contact
- Shared needles
- Direct contact between broken or chaffed skin and
infected body fluids - Needlesticks most common method of transmission
of BBP in the medical environment - Protect yourself by safely handling the needles
and disposing them immediately in a sharps
container after use - Report all needle stick and other sharps-related
injuries promptly to ensure that you receive
appropriate follow-up care - Never recap or resheath a needle
- Never leave a needle unattended on a work surface
11Exposure Control Plan
- Located in Health Services Department
- (Basic Science Building ext. 4324)
- Breaks down each job by class and identifies the
employees risk of exposure to blood or other
potentially infectious material - Establishes procedures for evaluating the
circumstances of an exposure incident - Explains the Hepatitis B Program
- Explains post exposure follow up and record
keeping procedure
12Health Services (BSB room C12)
13Sharps Containers
- Used to collect materials such as contaminated
needles, syringes, slides/cover plates,
dissection tools for disposal - Make certain that the lid is closed when
discarding materials. - Never place sharps in an overfilled container
14All sizes of sharps containers have a
recommended fill line, please follow
instructions/guidelines
FILL LINE
Do not overfill!!!
15Red Sharps Containers (17 gal)
- Red Sharps Containers (17 gal)
- Sharps Containers
- Fill Line
Do not overfill!!!
FILL LINE
16Regulated Medical Waste Bin
Place waste materials in RED BAG in container
17Chain of Infection
- Pathogen
- Reservoir
- Escape from Reservoir
- Transmission through Environment
- Portal of Entry
- Susceptible Host
- Infection Control Break any link in chain
18Risk Factors for Infection
- Pathogenicity of organism
- Dose
- Route of entry (injection, contact with mucous
membrane or open wound) - Host susceptibility
- Work practices
HIV
HepB
19Protect Yourself Use Universal Precautions
- These are recommended physical requirements,
procedural actions and precautions for safe work
with human/primate pathogenic materials or
microbes in healthcare, laboratory and other work
environments. - Because the potential for infectivity of any
blood and body fluids is unknown, universal
precautions should be adhered to for all
specimens regardless of evidence of infectious
material.
20What to treat with UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS
- Blood
- Cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, peritoneal
fluid, pericardial fluid, pleural fluid, semen,
vaginal secretions, breast milk, amniotic fluid, - Any other visibly bloody body fluids/secretions
- Any unfixed tissue or organ, other than intact
skin, from a living or dead person - Organ cultures and culture medium or other
solutions that may contain pathogenic agents
20
21Exposure Incident
- A specific incident of contact with potentially
infectious bodily fluid - If there are no infiltrations of mucous membranes
or open skin surfaces, it is not considered an
occupational exposure - Report all accidents involving blood or bodily
fluids - If you have an exposure incident inmmediately
wash the exposed area with warm water and soap
for 15 minutes. - CONTACT HEALTH SERVICE _at_ 594-4235
22Disinfecting
To disinfect your liquid waste, make a 10
solution of household bleach in the liquid waste
and treat overnight Next morning discard in the
lab sink.
23Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
- Gloves
- Goggles
- Lab Coats
- Face Shields
- Masks
- Gowns
- Caps
- Shoe Covers
24PPE Gloves
- Protect yourself wear gloves!
- Remember Washing latex gloves with plain soap,
chlorhexidine, or alcohol can cause
micropunctures. Exposure to glutaraldehyde,
hydrogen peroxide, and alcohol preparations may
weaken both latex and nitrile gloves
25Common Sense Precautions
- Wash hands when gloves are removed
- If needed, irrigate the eyes and skin IMMEDIATELY
for at least - 15 minutes!!!
- Do not bend, recap, or remove contaminated
needles - As soon as you are finished using sharps,
immediately discard them in a puncture resistant,
leak-proof container SHARPS CONTAINER
26Summary
- OSHA is responsible for the BBP Standard
- Be aware of potential risks in the lab when
working with BBPs - Familiarize yourself and apply all safety
practices - Apply all safety practices when disposing
biohazardous materials - Protect yourself always wear PPE (safety
glasses, gloves, lab coat) - Take advantage of the Hepatitis Program
- Note BBP training must be taken annually
27- Perfect! Congratulations, you finished the
presentation and - now take a test, click on the link and follow the
instructions http//www.proprofs.com/quiz-school/
story.php?titlebloodborne-pathogens_26