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NEW YORK MEDICAL COLLEGE Environmental Health and Safety Department

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Title: NEW YORK MEDICAL COLLEGE Environmental Health and Safety Department


1
NEW YORK MEDICAL COLLEGEEnvironmental Health and
Safety Department
  • BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS (BBPs)
  • Training Program

2
Objectives
  • To recognize the agency that regulates the BBP
    standard
  • List BBP covered the standard
  • To recognize what the hazardous are and how you
    can be exposed
  • To apply safe work practices when working with
    blood and other bodily fluids
  • To manage disposal of contaminated biohazard
    materials

3
Regulators
  • OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1030
  • (Occupational Safety and Health Administration)
  • Covers ALL employees who may be exposed to blood
    and other potential infectious material (OPIM)

4
What is a Bloodborne Pathogen?
  • A pathogenic organism present in blood (in
    addition to other body fluids), which may cause
    disease in humans

5
Bloodborne Pathogens
  • Of Particular Concern
  • (covered under the OSHA standard)
  • Human Immunodeficiency (HIV)
  • Hepatitis B (HBV)
  • Hepatitis C (HCV)
  • Other examples include malaria, syphilis, African
    sleeping sickness, leptospirosis, relapsing fever
    (Borrelia), and viral hemorrhagic fevers
    (including Ebola)

6
Who is at risk for BBP Exposure?
  • Anyonebut particularly
  • Laboratory personnel
  • Physicians
  • Nurses
  • Phlebotomists
  • Laundry and Janitorial workers
  • EMT/Paramedics

7
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
  • First recognized in 1981
  • Infects key cells in the human body that are part
    of the immune system, specifically CD4 and T
    cells
  • Modes of transmission sexual intercourse, direct
    contact with infected blood, and from an infected
    mother to her unborn child
  • 1 in 300 possibility of getting infected after
    exposure from needlestick or 11000 from mucosal
    splash
  • Can only survive a short time outside a host
  • No vaccine or cure available

8
Hepatitis
  • Hepatitis is a viral disease of the liver that
    can results in chronic liver disease.
  • There are 5 well known viral strains of hepatitis
  • Hepatitis B and C are bloodborne pathogens
  • There is a 1 in 3 chance of contracting HBV/HCV
    after exposure.
  • Hep B/C can survive on environmental surfaces.
    Decontamination is important with 10 bleach
    solution
  • The number of new HBV infections per year has
    declined from an average of 260,000 in the 1980s
    to about 60,000 in 2004. The number of new HCV
    infections per year has declined from an average
    of 240,000 in the 1980s to about 26,000 in 2004.
  • CDC website (March 2005),
  • http//www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/hepatitis/b/ind
    ex.htm

9
9
10
Transmission of BBPs
  • Sexual Contact
  • Shared needles
  • Direct contact between broken or chaffed skin and
    infected body fluids
  • Needlesticks most common method of transmission
    of BBP in the medical environment
  • Protect yourself by safely handling the needles
    and disposing them immediately in a sharps
    container after use
  • Report all needle stick and other sharps-related
    injuries promptly to ensure that you receive
    appropriate follow-up care
  • Never recap or resheath a needle
  • Never leave a needle unattended on a work surface

11
Exposure Control Plan
  • Located in Health Services Department
  • (Basic Science Building ext. 4324)
  • Breaks down each job by class and identifies the
    employees risk of exposure to blood or other
    potentially infectious material
  • Establishes procedures for evaluating the
    circumstances of an exposure incident
  • Explains the Hepatitis B Program
  • Explains post exposure follow up and record
    keeping procedure

12
Health Services (BSB room C12)
13
Sharps Containers
  • Used to collect materials such as contaminated
    needles, syringes, slides/cover plates,
    dissection tools for disposal
  • Make certain that the lid is closed when
    discarding materials.
  • Never place sharps in an overfilled container

14
All sizes of sharps containers have a
recommended fill line, please follow
instructions/guidelines
FILL LINE
Do not overfill!!!
15
Red Sharps Containers (17 gal)
  • Red Sharps Containers (17 gal)
  • Sharps Containers
  • Fill Line

Do not overfill!!!
FILL LINE
16
Regulated Medical Waste Bin
Place waste materials in RED BAG in container
17
Chain of Infection
  • Pathogen
  • Reservoir
  • Escape from Reservoir
  • Transmission through Environment
  • Portal of Entry
  • Susceptible Host
  • Infection Control Break any link in chain

18
Risk Factors for Infection
  • Pathogenicity of organism
  • Dose
  • Route of entry (injection, contact with mucous
    membrane or open wound)
  • Host susceptibility
  • Work practices

HIV
HepB
19
Protect Yourself Use Universal Precautions
  • These are recommended physical requirements,
    procedural actions and precautions for safe work
    with human/primate pathogenic materials or
    microbes in healthcare, laboratory and other work
    environments.
  • Because the potential for infectivity of any
    blood and body fluids is unknown, universal
    precautions should be adhered to for all
    specimens regardless of evidence of infectious
    material.

20
What to treat with UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS
  • Blood
  • Cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, peritoneal
    fluid, pericardial fluid, pleural fluid, semen,
    vaginal secretions, breast milk, amniotic fluid,
  • Any other visibly bloody body fluids/secretions
  • Any unfixed tissue or organ, other than intact
    skin, from a living or dead person
  • Organ cultures and culture medium or other
    solutions that may contain pathogenic agents

20
21
Exposure Incident
  • A specific incident of contact with potentially
    infectious bodily fluid
  • If there are no infiltrations of mucous membranes
    or open skin surfaces, it is not considered an
    occupational exposure
  • Report all accidents involving blood or bodily
    fluids
  • If you have an exposure incident inmmediately
    wash the exposed area with warm water and soap
    for 15 minutes.
  • CONTACT HEALTH SERVICE _at_ 594-4235

22
Disinfecting
To disinfect your liquid waste, make a 10
solution of household bleach in the liquid waste
and treat overnight Next morning discard in the
lab sink.
23
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
  • Gloves
  • Goggles
  • Lab Coats
  • Face Shields
  • Masks
  • Gowns
  • Caps
  • Shoe Covers

24
PPE Gloves
  • Protect yourself wear gloves!
  • Remember Washing latex gloves with plain soap,
    chlorhexidine, or alcohol can cause
    micropunctures. Exposure to glutaraldehyde,
    hydrogen peroxide, and alcohol preparations may
    weaken both latex and nitrile gloves

25
Common Sense Precautions
  • Wash hands when gloves are removed
  • If needed, irrigate the eyes and skin IMMEDIATELY
    for at least
  • 15 minutes!!!
  • Do not bend, recap, or remove contaminated
    needles
  • As soon as you are finished using sharps,
    immediately discard them in a puncture resistant,
    leak-proof container SHARPS CONTAINER

26
Summary
  • OSHA is responsible for the BBP Standard
  • Be aware of potential risks in the lab when
    working with BBPs
  • Familiarize yourself and apply all safety
    practices
  • Apply all safety practices when disposing
    biohazardous materials
  • Protect yourself always wear PPE (safety
    glasses, gloves, lab coat)
  • Take advantage of the Hepatitis Program
  • Note BBP training must be taken annually

27
  • Perfect! Congratulations, you finished the
    presentation and
  • now take a test, click on the link and follow the
    instructions http//www.proprofs.com/quiz-school/
    story.php?titlebloodborne-pathogens_26
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