Imperial Perspective

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Imperial Perspective

• Chapter 4

2
English Administration of the Colonies

• Royal colonies
• British crown responsible for defense.
• British crown regulated external trade.
• Elected lower houses
• Home rule
• Self-government in the colonies became first a
  habit, then a right.

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Economy Mercantilism (self-sufficient)

• Worlds gold and silver supply fixed.
• Nations could gain wealth only at the expense of
  another country by seizing its gold and silver
  and dominating its trade.
• Colonies were part of an empire.
• Source of raw materials.
• Market for finished goods.

4
AtlanticTrade

• Growing economy
• Unfavorable balance
• of trade
• Shortage of
• hard money
• Ton of debt

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Navigation Acts (1651, 1660, 1663)

• Terms
• All imported goods to be shipped in English
  vessels.
• Enumerated articles could only be shipped to
  England or other English colonies.
• All goods imported by the colonies come through
  England.
• The Imperial System before 1760
• The benefits of benign neglect

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TroubledNeighbors

• Indian-wars
• A series of Indian wars in the mid-1670s
• King Philips War in New England between
  colonists and the Wampanoag tribe.
• Bacons Rebellion
• Virtually a civil war in Virginia over how to
  control the Indians.
• Nathaniel Bacon burned Jamestown in 1676 in an
  effort to arrest the governor.
• Bacon became ill and died of swamp fever.

8
The Glorious Revolution of 1688-89

• Charles II died in 1685 and was succeeded by his
  brother, the duke of York.
• James II openly parade his Catholic faith.
• Parliament invited Jamess Protestant daughter
  Mary and her husband, the Dutch leader William of
  Orange to assume the throne as joint monarchs.
• James II fled to France.
• Bill of Rights and Toleration Act (1689)
• Limited the powers of rulers and affirmed freedom
  of Worship for Christians.
• Did not limit the kings power in America.

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John Locke 1632-1704

• Defended the overthrow of James
  II, which set a precedent for
  revolution against the monarch.
• Two Treatises on Government (1690)
• Contract theory of government argued that people
  were endowed with natural rights to life,
  liberty, and property.
• When rulers violated these rights, the people
  could overthrow the monarch and change their
  government.

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The Habit of Self-Government

• Americans liked being British subjects.
• Opportunities for trade and commerce.
• Military protection.
• Political stability.
• Benefits had few costs.
• Salutary neglect.
• Home rule.

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England vs. France

• A competition to dominate world trade and naval
  power. Intensified after the Glorious Revolution.
• Four Wars
• War of the League of Augsburg / King Williams
  War (1689-97)
• War of the Spanish Succession / Queen Annes War
  (1702-13)
• War of the Austrian Succession / King Georges
  War (1744-48)
• Seven Years War / French and Indian War (1754-63)

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French Indian War 1754-63(Seven Years War)

• Expansion led to conflict.
• The Ohio Valley
• French Fort Duquesne.
• George Washington and
  Fort Necessity.
• Three Phases
• 1754-56 British in North America losing
• 1756-58 War starts in Europe/England in charge
• 1758-63 English win one battle after another.

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Peace of Paris (1763)

• France Ended French power in North America.
• Britain Everything east of Mississippi River
  (except N.O.)
• Spain Louisiana

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Postwar Expectations

• Colonial pride and optimism
• English resentments
• Unsatisfied with colonists role in war
• Want more control
• Want colonies to help pay for defense
• 4 wars left England in enormous debt