Welcome to IGCSE Geography

1
Welcome to IGCSE Geography
Not that good an impression, but close-ish
kinda!

• I am Lindy

2
IGCSE geography is a good course

• But in order to do well you will need to do much
  more than the hour a week we are given in class.
• To help you with this I have started 2 wikis
  specially for you guys
• One is the textbook substitute so far there
  isnt one, so I am s..l..o..w..l..y putting
  one together I have actually done more than I
  have uploaded, but there are still some gaps!
• The other is similar to last year PowerPoints,
  class notes and homeworks useful links and vids
  and stuff

3
The wiki is called

• Ysgol Rhyngrwyd IGCSE Geography
• the reason for that you can find on the site!
• The textbook one is
• http//ih-igcse-geography.wikispaces.com/
• The Lesson notes one is
• http//newigcsenotes.wikispaces.com/
• I still operate the blog where I put news items
  that might be of interest and/or help you with
  your lessons called Coach House geography and
  is found at
• http//lindym.wordpress.com/

4
Every week

• I will email you ( and store on the site) a
  worksheet for class time.
• You will use it to scribble on so print it off
  before class I never need see it, but you will
  find it useful when it comes to homework/revision
  to have some notes made. Start a file for these
  to be kept in.
• If you really cannot get it printed off for
  whatever reason, I suggest you keep it open on
  your desktop during class and type into it.

5
The Course

• Section A The natural environment and people
• You will need to study 2 of these
• Topic 1 River environments ?
• Topic 2 Coastal environments ?
• Topic 3 Hazardous environments ?
• Section B People and their environments
• You will need to study 2 of these
• Topic 4 Economic activity and energy
• Topic 5 Ecosystems and rural environments
• Topic 6 Urban environments
• Section C Global issues
• You will need to study 1 of these
• Topic 7 Fragile environments
• Topic 8 Globalisation and migration
• Topic 9 Development and human welfare

6
Geography IGCSE

• Lesson 1
• Introduction

7
Quote from the first page of the textbook wiki!

• Different way of grouping countries
• The modern exam syllabus no longer uses LEDC, NIC
  and MEDC - sorry guys as you have just got to
  grips with that!

8
This how they do it now

• Classifying Countries by level of development
• The latest World Bank economic classification of
  countries has been used. These are
• HIC High income country,
• MIC Medium income country,
• LIC Low income country.
• These are based on the GNI - Gross National
  Income per capita.Gross national income (GNI)
  comprises the total value produced within a
  country (Gross Domestic Product (GDP)), together
  with its income received from other countries
  (mainly interest and share dividends), less
  similar payments made to other countries and is
  thought to be a better measure of how well off a
  country is than the GDP on its own.
• The 3 levels for 2008 - these do change over time
  - but are currently as followsCountries with a
  GNI per capita of 11,456 or more are described
  as high income countries,
• between 975 and 11,455 as middle income,
• and for lower income countries less than 975 per
  person per year.

9
One homework task is .

• To use the list of countries and either an atlas
• or
• http//bighugelabs.com/map.php
• To make a map (or 3 separate ones good if you
  use the link!) to show the locations of HICs,
  MICs and LICs.
• If you use the link either send me the embed
  codes or put it on your version of facebook or a
  blog and send me the link!

10

• Unit UA1.1 The Hydrological Cycle
• Textbook wiki link
• http//ih-igcse-geography.wikispaces.com/1.1Hydro
  logicalcycle

11
Diagram

• 3. What is happening at No3?
• 4. And No 4?
• 5. Now No 5 is in 2 places it is a very much
  simplified version of what happens what is it
  trying to show?
• 6. Where does all this water eventually end up?
• Now lets try and fill in some of the gaps this
  one is far too simple!

• What is happening here?
• 1. What do the yellow wiggly lines from the sun
  with No 1 attached indicate?
• 2.What about the blue wiggly lines from the sea
  show with No 2?

12
Diagram

• Now the original simple version implied that the
  sun warmed the ocean which caused some of the sea
  water to evaporate, rise, condense to become
  clouds.

• But is the ocean the only place where water
  evaporates from?
• Where else?

13
So where have we got to?

• Water evaporates mostly from the ocean, but also
  from rivers, lakes, the soil and from plants.
• This due to energy from the sun warming the water
  in all these places, allowing it to turn into
  water vapour.
• As it is warm, the water vapour rises into the
  air.
• As it gets higher, it cools.
• Cool air can hold less water vapour than warm air
  and so some condenses to form clouds.
• As more tiny drops of water from, they join,
  getting heavier all the time.
• Eventually they are heavy enough to be pulled
  back to earth as precipitation in some form, and
  depending on the conditions they fall as rain,
  hail, sleet or snow.

14
This where we have got to
So once the rain has fallen, the water can stay
where it is or move. If it is going to stay
where it is, where might this be?
15
If it stays where it is

• It could catch on the leaves and branches of the
  plants we say the water has been intercepted
• It could fall into lakes and rivers
• Puddles could form on the surface. These are all
  fresh water surface storage
• Some more snow may fall on the icecap or glacier
  this is glacial storage
• All these are called stores
• There are another couple of stores as well for
  later

16
This where we have got to
If the water is going to move, how might this
happen?
17
If it moves

• It could run down a slope surface run-off
• It could drop into the river and be carried away
• It could drip off the trees onto the ground
• It could soak into the soil this is called
  infiltration
• If it goes even further down into the spaces
  between a permeable rock, this is called
  percolation.
• All these are called flows

18
This is the whole thing
There are 2 flows and one intrusion (another
flow), and 3 storages that we have not talked
about? Also what is the blue dotted line for?
Fresh water storage
Salt water storage
Ground water storage
Water table
19
So summing up .

• The missing terms were
• Fresh surface water storage in lakes and
  reservoirs
• Subsurface flow (or sometimes through flow) we
  have lots of that out every bank in wet weather
  little springs give evidence of it
• Ground water flow this is water that flows over
  the top of the water table as there is no more
  spaces left to fill
• Salt water intrusion comes in from the sea
  ever dug a castle on the beach and had water
  filling the hole taste it and you would find
  that is salt water intrusion
• Ground water storage is the water stored in the
  water table that can stay there for 1000s of
  years more about bore holes another time!
• The water table is the top layer of rock below
  which all the cracks and crevices in the
  permeable rock is filled

20
Unit 1.1BThe Drainage Basin
21

• As you see the watershed is the line that defines
  the limits of the drainage basin.
• Any water that lands within its limits (green
  arrows) will run off or infiltrate and most will
  eventually end up in the river channel.

• Any water falling on the other side of the
  watershed (red arrows) will end up in another
  drainage basin

22
More thoughts

• What is the difference between a tributary and a
  confluence?
• A source and a mouth?
• A river basin and a river channel?
• Remember we said the hydrological system was a
  closed system? What did that mean?
• Do you think a drainage basin is an open or
  closed system? Why?

23
More thoughts

• What do you think might make the flow through one
  drainage basin quicker or slower than another
  one?
• Why do we might we need to know whether a river
  basin has a fast flow through or not?
• What might help us find out which river system is
  likely to cause a problem and which isnt? What
  would we have to measure?
• http//techalive.mtu.edu/meec/demo/Watershed.html
  a great animation of a drainage basin

24
Homework

• Part 1 mapping the different levels of economic
  development (50)
• Part 2 at the beginning of each GCSE you get a
  diagram or a map and are asked questions about it
  this week you have 2 short starter sections
  about the hydrological cycle and the drainage
  basin(50)