???????????? (Civil Engineering)

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????????????(Civil Engineering)

• 2100-111 ???????????????
• (Exploring Engineering World)
• January 2555

2

• Civil Engineering is a professional engineering
  discipline dealing with the

- design (?????????)
- construction (??????????? ??????????????????????
????)
- strengthening retrofit (??????????????????????
????)
- maintenance (?????????????)
- etc. (?????)
of the physical naturally built environment.
3

• Civil Engineering works include -

- buildings (?????)
- bridges (?????)
- roads, highways, airport runways, railways
(??? ??????? ??????? ???????)
- tunnels (???????)
- dams (??????)
- off-shore structures (???????????????????)
- etc. (?????)
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• Civil Engineering
• - the oldest engineering discipline
• after military engineering1.
• 1 "What is Civil Engineering?". The Canadian
  Society for Civil Engineering.
• http//whatiscivilengineering.csce.ca
  /civil1.htm. Retrieved 2007-08-08.

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• Civil Engineering is traditionally splitted into
  several sub-disciplines-

- structural engineering(?????????????????)
- transportation engineering(????????????
????????????) - geotechnical
engineering(????????????????????) -
construction and management engineering
(???????????????????????????????????????)

- surveying engineering(?????????????)
- environmental engineering(???????????????
????) - water resources
engineering(????????????????)
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• Design Philosophy
  

- Safety (??????????? ???????)
- Durability (????????)
- Functioning (?????????)
- Cost Effective (???????????)

• Environmental Friendly (??????????????????????)

- etc. (?????)
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• Knowledge Backgrounds
  

- Strength of Materials (??????????)

• Analysis Methods (????????????????)

- Design Methods (?????????)

• Detailing, Presentation (????????????????
  ?????????)

• Engineering Sense (????????????????????)

- etc. (?????)
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• Code Regulations
  

- ???????????????????????? ?.?. 2522, 2543
- ??????????????????????????? ?.?. 2543
- ??????????????????????? ?????? ???????????
- ?????????????????????????????????
- ???????????????????????????????????(?.?.?.)

- ???????????????? ??????????????????????????????
??????????????
- ?????
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• ????????????????????? ?.?. 2542
  

????????? ??????? 3 ??? 4 (?.?. 2508)
???? 1 ???????????? 1. ?????????????????
2. ???????????????????? 3.
????????????????? 4. ????????????? 5.
????????????
10

• ???????????????????????????
  

1. ???????????? 3 ???????????????????????????????
??????????? 14 ???? 2. ??????????????????????????
?????????????? 50 ???????????????? 3.
??????????????????????????????? ???? ????????
???????? ??? 4. ?????????????????????????????????
??? 10 ??????????
5. ???????????????????????????????? 100
????????? 6. ??????????????????
????????????????????????????????? 50 ?????????
7. ?????????????????????????????????????????? 2
?????????? 8. ???????????????????????????????????
????? 2 ??????????
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• ???????????????????????????(???)
  

9. ????????????????????? ????????? ???
???????????????? 10 ?????????? 10.
?????????????????????????????? 10 ?????????? 11.
????????????? ???????? ?????? ??????????????????
100 ??.?. ?????? 12. ??????? ?????
??????????????????? 10 ??. ?????? 13.
?????????????? ?????????????? ????????????? ???
14. ??????? ??????? ???????????????????? 15.
?????????????? 16. ????????????????? 17.
??????????????????????????????????????????????
1000 ??.?.??? ?????????
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• ???????????????????????????????????
  

???? 1 ???????????? 1. ??????????
2. ??????????? 3. ?????????? 4.
???????????????
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• Structural Materials
  

- Stone, Masonry, Timber - Concrete,
Reinforced Concrete - Steel, Aluminum, etc.
- Carbon Fiber Rebar, Carbon Fiber Reinforced
Polymer (CFRP), etc. - Asphalt concrete,
Composite Materials - Others
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• Timber, Stone, Masonry Structures
  

Stone Pyramids (over 4500 years ago)
Timber structure
Stone bridge
Masonry structure
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• Concrete (???????)
  

sand
- cement (???????)
- sand (????)
- aggregate (???)
water
- water (???)
cement (1842)
aggregate
- admixtures (??????? ?????????
??????????-??????????? ????????????? ???????)
concrete
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• Concrete (???????)
  

Hand mixed concrete
Fresh concrete ( ????????? )
Ready mix plant
Concrete ready mix plant
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• Concrete Strength (????????????)
  

• high compressive strength
• ( ????????????????? )
• low tensile shear strength
• ( ???????????????????????????? )

compression zone
Split tension test
tension zone
Compression test
Concrete ready mix plant
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• Concrete Structures (????????????????)
  

????????????
- Mostly as compression members
(??????????????????????????)
Roman Coliseum (80AD)
Roman Pantheon (over 1800 years ago)
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• Reinforced Concrete Materials (?????????????????
  )

• to increase tensile strength of concrete
• ( ?????????????????????????????????????? )

- bamboo - rebar - wire mesh - fiber
glass - carbon fiber - etc.
rebar (steel)
bamboo
wire mesh (????????????????????)
fiber glass
rebar (carbon fiber)
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• Bamboo Reinforced Concrete (?????????????????????
  ??????)

- increases concrete tensile strength -
reduces shrinkage cracks (????????????????????????
?)
???????????????????????
pavement
??????????? ?????????? ????????????? ???????????
shrinkage cracks
wall
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• Steel Tensile Strength (???????????????????)
  

• steel tensile strength is higher than
• concrete tensile strength
• (???????????????????????????????????)

steel
concrete
Steel tensile test
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• Steel Reinforced Concrete (??????????????????????
  ????)

• increases beam bending strength
  (???????????????????)
• reduces crack width (????????????????????)

?????????????????????
tension face (????????????????)
??????????????????????????????????
Beam test
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Reinforced Concrete Members
(??????????????????????????)
Beam (???) (bending member)
Column (???) (compression member)
Slab (????) (bending member)
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• Steel Materials (??????????)
  

- mild carbon steel (?????????????????????????????
???????) - high-strength low alloy steel
(???????????????????????????) - corrosion
resistant steel (???????????????????????)
- quenched and tempered alloy steel - stainless
steel - aluminum - etc.
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• Steel Materials (??????????)
  

Angles( ???????? )
W shapes ( ???????? W )
Light lip channels
Sheets ( ????????? )
C shapes ( ?????????????? )
Tube shapes ( ???????? )
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Civil Engineering (????????????)

1. Structural Engineering (?????????????????)

2. Transportation Engineering (??????????????????
??????)
3. Geotechnical Engineering(????????????????????)

4. Construction and Management Engineering
(???????????????????????????????????????)

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1. Structural Engineering (?????????????????)

dealing with
- analysis (????????????)
- design (?????????)
- construction (???????????)
- research (????????)
- etc.
concerning of
- safety (???????????)
- economy (???????????)
- aesthetic (??????????)
- function (?????????????????)
- etc.
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Structural Engineering ????????
- Reinforced Concrete Buildings (??????.?.?.)

Sky Park Singapore (2554)
?????????? 2 (2540) (85 ???? ??? 304 ?.)
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Worlds Tallest Buildings

Burj Khalifa (Dubai-2010) 162 ???? ???
828 ????
Taipei 101 (Taiwan-2004) 101 ???? ???
509.2 ????
Petronas Towers (Malasia-1998) 88 ????
??? 451.9 ????
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Structural Engineering ?????????????????
Steel roof truss
Steel column
Suvarnabhumi airport (2006)
Steel arch
Eiffel tower (1889)
Missouri arch (1965)
????????????????????
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• Steel Structures (??????????????)
  

- Cellular Beam (????????)

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??????????
?????????????
?????????????
?????
???????????
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???????????? cell beam - ??????????????????????
????????????
Data SMI Steel
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Structural Engineering ?????????.?.?.???????????
?

building height comparison
John Hancock Tower (1969)
Sears Tower (1974)
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Structural Engineering ?????????.?.?.
??????????????????????????
????????????????? (?.?. 2516)
???????????????
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Structural Engineering ?????????.?.?.???????????
?
horizontal cables -carry loads to column
vertical cables -carry loads from slab
loads on slab
reinforced concrete column - carry loads to
foundation
Golden Gate Suspension Bridge (?????????) (1937)
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Structural Engineering ?????????.?.?.???????????
?
Cables - carry loads to column
Cables - carry loads to column
??????????? 8 (?.?. 2545)
????????????????????? (2539)
???????? (cable-stayed bridges)
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Structural Engineering ???????????????????
Fiber Reinforced Polymer (????????????????????)

- material made of a resin matrix reinforced
with fibers.
- invented by the Swiss Federal Laboratory
for Material Testing and Research in 1993.
- 3 commonly used fibers are -
- fiberglass (??????????) - aramid fiber
(?????????????) - carbon fiber (?????????????)
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Fiberglass (??????????) -
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
????? ??????????????????????????? (creep)
???
Aramid fiber (?????????????) -
?????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????
Carbon fiber (?????????????) -
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????? ?????????????????
???????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????? ????????
?????????? ???????? ????????? 9 ????
????????????????????????????????????????????
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Fiberglass (??????????) -
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
????? ??????????????????????????? (creep) ???
fiberglass
Carbon fiber (?????????????) -
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????? ?????????????????
???????????????????????????????????
carbon fiber
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Carbon Fiber (?????????????)

- carbon fiber rebar ???????????
?????????????????????????????????

- carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP)
????????????????????????????????

CFRP sheets
CFRP plates
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Structural Retrofit Strengthening using CFRP

?????????????????????
???? CFRP
??????
slab retrofit (????????)
????????????????????
???? CFRP
beam strengthening (?????????????)
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Structural Strengthening using CFRP

?????????.?.?. ???????????????
???????????????????????????? CFRP
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Column Strengthening (?????????????)
??????????????????????? -
2. ?????????????????????????????????????
1. ?????????????? (anchored bolts)
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Column Strengthening (?????????????)
4. ?????????
3. ?????????????
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Finite Element Method (?????????????????????????
?)
Structural Engineering ?????????????????????
????????????????????????????????? ????????????????
?
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Loads (?????????????)
Structural Engineering ?????????????????????

• Dead Load (?????????????)
• Live Load (?????????)
• Wind Load (?????)
• Earthquake Load (?????????????)

• Temperature Load (??????????????)
• Settlement, Rain Load, etc.(??????????,
  ???????????, ?????)
• Load Combinations

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Types of Loading (?????????????????)
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2.Transportation Engineering
(????????????????????????)
dealing with
- planning (?????????)
- design (?????????)
- operation management (??????????????????????)

- logistics, research (????????)
- etc.
concerning of
- safety (???????????)
- economy (???????????)
- rapid (???????????)
- comfortable convenient (?????????????)
- etc.
49
Transportation Engineering (????????????????????
????)
3. ????????
1. ?????
2. ??????
50
Transportation Engineering ?????????????

??????????????
Highway interchanges
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Transportation Engineering ?????????????-????

????-???
??????? BTS
??????? air-port link
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?????????????-??????????(???)
???????????
????????????????????????
????????????????
53
??????????????
???????????????????
???????????????
????????????
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????????????????
Dallas-Fort Worth (1973)
????????????????? (2549)
??????????????????
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• Road - ??????????

???????
????????????????????????
??????????
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• Road ??????????????
  

????????
??????????????
????-?????????????????
??????????????
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• Road ????????????????????

??????????????????????????
?????????????
???????
??????????
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• 3. Geotechnical Engineering
• (????????????????????)
  

dealing with
- soil mechanics, rock mechanics
(???????????,???)
- earth works, foundations, embankments
- tunnels, dikes, levees, etc.
- stability of natural slope, landslide
- research (????????)
concerning of
- safety (???????????)
- settlement (??????????)
- economy (???????????)
- etc.
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• Geotechnical Engineering ?????????

??????
???????
???????
???????
????????? (spread footing)
????????????? (pile footing)
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• Geotechnical Engineering ??????????

• ????????????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????????

??????
???????????????????????
???????????
??????????
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• Geotechnical Engineering ??????????

????????????? 1. ??????????
2. ???????????
?????
?. ????????? ?. ????????????? ?. ?????????
??????????????
????????
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• Geotechnical Engineering ??????????

- ????????????????????????????????
??????????????
???????? ??? ??????????
????????????
Sheet pile
???????
???????????????? ?. ?????????? ?.
??????????(sheet pile)
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• Geotechnical Engineering ???????????

1. ??????????????????? (????)
2. ??????????????????? (?????)
???????????????????? ???????????????
?????
????????????
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• Geotechnical Engineering ?????????????

???????
??????????????????? ??????????????????
???????????????????????????????
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• Geotechnical Engineering ???????

?????????????
??????????????
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• 4.Construction Management Engineering
• (???????????????????????????????????????)
  

dealing with
- project planning - construction planning -
cost planning - inspection / supervision -
advising - research, etc.
concerning of
- safety - project on time - with-in
budget - desired quality, etc.
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Construction Management Engineering
?????????????????
??????????????????
???????????????
???????????????
68
Construction Management Engineering
?????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????
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Construction Management Engineering
?????????????????
???????????????????
??????????????????????????
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Construction Management Engineering
?????????????????
?????????????????????????
???????????????????????????
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Construction Management Engineering
?????????????????
???????????????????
??????????????????
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Construction Management Engineering
?????????????????
????????????????????????????????
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Construction Management Engineering
?????????????????
????????????????????????????????
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THE END