Thermal and Moisture Protection

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Thermal and Moisture Protection
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Major Topics

• Waterproofing
• Membrane
• Clay
• Cementitious
• Dampproofing
• Hot-applied
• Cold-applied

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Major Topics cont

• Building Insulation
• Rigid
• Mineral Fiber
• Loose-fill
• Foamed-in-place
• Roofing
• Low slope vs. steep
• Types of roofing materials

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Major Topics cont

• Flashing
• Siding
• Sealants

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Waterproofing
As defined in ASTM D1079 the treatment of a
surface or a structure to prevent the passage of
water under hydrostatic pressure.
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Membrane

• Fluid-applied membranes are usually
• Polyurethane
• Hot Rubberized Asphalt not as elastic as
  polyurethane and requires a thicker coat

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Sheet Membranes

• Butyl synthetic rubber sheet 60 mils thick
• Ethylene propylene diene monomers (EPDM) min.
  1/16 thick
• Pre-molded bituminous 7 ply
• Rubberized asphalt 56 mils
• Self-adhesive butyl 60 mils- requires adhesive
  primer

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Bituminous

• Usually applied on vertical below-grade surfaces
• Hot coal-tar pitch or hot asphalt
• The number of plies, overall thickness, and
  content vary according to the depth of the
  hydrostatic head (in ft. all increase as the
  depth increases)

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Clay waterproofing

• Bentonite clay when wet, it expands to between
  10 to 15 times its dry volume.
• It is typically mixed with water sprayed in
  place (also available in dry sheets between
  cardboard)
• Placed below grade to exterior surfaces

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Cementitious Waterproofing

• Composed of portland cement, aggregate, and an
  acrylic or plastic admix.
• It may also contain iron fillers (then known as
  iron oxide waterproofing)
• Hydraulic cement another form of cementitious
  waterproofing used to seal holes, cracks and open
  joints (often in free-flowing water)

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Dampproofing

• May be hot- or cold- applied
• Hot consists of an asphalt primer or a
  coal-tar-based primer
• Used on the exterior of buildings- not interior
  because of lingering odor and the problems
  associated with using hot products indoors.

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Building Insulation

• Usually added to the roof, walls, and floors of a
  structure
• 4 basic classifications are
• Rigid board
• Mineral fiber
• Loose fill
• Foamed-in-place
• Listed according to their R-Values

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Rigid Insulation

• Usable in all parts of a building usually in a
  board form
• Most are Resistance/inch
• Polystyrene sensitive to daylight, give off
  carbon monoxide while burning
• Polyurethane 6.25 may expand after exposure
  to moisture
• Polyisocyanurate 7.2
• Perlite 2.78 will not burn, tends to absorb
  water
• Phenolic 8.3 breaks easily, corrodes metal
• Cellular glass block- 2.5 breaks easily,
  deteriorates if exposed to freezing thawing
• Organic fiber roofing systems primary use, wood
  fibers and water resistant binders
• Glass fiber
• Composites take advantage of high R-values of
  some materials in combination with the stability
  of others

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Mineral Fiber Insulation

• Products made from fibers from rock, slag, or
  glass
• Naturally resistant to fire, moisture, and vermin
• May be semi-rigid boards, batts, or blankets
  (longer than batts and sold in large rolls).
  Intended to fit between studs (16 or 24 o.c.)

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Loose-fill Insulation

• Comprised of fibers, granules, or chips
• May be poured or blown into attics or wall
  cavities
• Common additives may include adhesives, and
  chemical treatments to resist fire and vermin

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Foamed-in-place Insulation

• Created by a chemical reaction that expands a
  mixture of components as much as 30 times
• Curing typically takes from 24-72 hours, at which
  time the mixture solidifies into a cellular
  plastic
• Care must be taken not to overfill a cavity

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Roofing

• Low slope in general, these are roofs which
  slope less than 11/2/ft.
• On low slope roofs a system of compatible
  components is selected to work together to form a
  waterproof membrane
• Common systems used are built-up roof or
  single-ply

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Examples of Single-Ply Membranes

• EPDM factory cured elastomer, bonded to
  themselves using adhesives
• CSPE (DuPont Hypalon) synthetic rubber, may also
  be liquid
• CPE un-reinforced or polyester reinforced sheet
  material
• PIB formulated from isobutylene and other
  polymers, carbon black, and additional additives

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Example of Built-up Roof
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Steep Roofing

• Slopes exceed 11/2/ft.
• Many materials used in modern roofing practices
  existed centuries ago (clay tiles, and stone)
• Material used is based on cost criteria, slope
  of roof, expected service life, wind resistance,
  fire resistance, and local climate.

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Roofing Material and Slope
Min. Slope Type of roof
2 in 12 Asphalt shingles
3 in 12 Mineral fiber-cement shingles, wood shakes or shingles
4 in 12 Slate shingles, concrete tile (other than flat)
5 in 12 Flat clay tile, concrete tile
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Roofing Underlayment

• Should be asphalt-saturated felt (usually a No.
  15 or No. 30 used, may require more than 1
  layer-depending on roofing material selected)
• Applied immediately after the roof sheathing is
  in place

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Underlayment Performs These Functions

• Protects sheathing from moisture absorption
• Prevents the entrance of wind-driven rain onto
  sheathing
• Prevents direct contact between asphalt shingles
  and resinous areas in wood sheathing (chemically
  incompatible-may damage shingles)

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Types of Roofing Materials

• Asphalt shingles
• Slate
• Tile
• Mineral-Fiber-Cement shingles
• Wood shingles and shakes
• Metal

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Roofing Styles
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Examples
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Examples
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Examples of Roofing
http//www.tricityroofing.com/types.html
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Comparison of Types of Roofing
http//aihomeinspection.com/exterior.html
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Flashing

• Should be installed at all intersections of other
  roofs, walls, and projections from roof.
• Flashing should be made of corrosion resistant
  materials such as
• Galvanized or stainless steel (min 26 gauge)
• Aluminum (0.019 inch min.) avoid using next to
  masonry
• Copper (16 oz.) if not lead coatedmay stain
  surrounding materials
• Flexible sheet- made of PVC or modified
  polymers-used in single-ply some BUR

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Typical Locations for Flashing

• Valleys joint formed by 2 sloping roofs
• Chimney
• Eaves ice forming along the eaves
• Drip edge
• All roof penetrations

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Siding

• The type of wall siding selected depends on cost,
  expected life service, wind resistance, fire
  resistance, local climate, and maintenance.
• Possible materials include
• Mineral-Fiber-Cement shingles
• Wood shingles shakes
• Aluminum and Vinyl siding
• Wood or Hardboard siding
• Bevel, Tongue Groove, Lap, Board and Batten

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Sealants

• Basic types of building sealants include
• Elastomeric (rubber like) polysulfides,
  silicone, polyurethane expansion joints
• Solvent release curing small-joints (3/16 or
  less
• Latex emulsion small interior joints,
  doors,windows
• Tape glazing, concealing lap joints
• Acoustical seal sound transmission, electrical
  outlets
• Preformed Foam
• Oil-based caulking compounds doors, windows,
  masonry subject to little or no movement