Cellular Respiration

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Cellular Respiration

• Honors Biology
• Mrs. Mawhiney

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What is Cellular Respiration?

• The process of converting food energy into ATP
  energy
• C6H12O6 6 O2 ? 6 CO2 6 H2O 36 ATP

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Why do plants need both chloroplasts and
mitochondria?

• Chloroplasts use energy from the sun to make
  glucose
• Mitochondria convert glucose to ATPthe energy
  currency of the cell

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What is ATP?

• Adenosine Triphosphate
• 5-Carbon sugar (Ribose)
• Nitrogenous base (Adenine)
• 3 Phosphate groups
• Energy currency of the cell
• The chemical bonds that link the phosphate groups
  together are high energy bonds
• When a phosphate group is removed to form ADP and
  P, small packets of energy are released

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So what?

• Energy is stored in these bonds.
• So?
• The breaking of the chemical bond releases the
  energy
• ATP H2O? ADP P ENERGY

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How is ATP used?

• As ATP is broken down, it gives off usable energy
  to power chemical work and gives off some
  nonusable energy as heat.
• Synthesizing molecules for growth and
  reproduction
• Transport work active transport, endocytosis,
  and exocytosis
• Mechanical work muscle contraction, cilia and
  flagella movement, organelle movement

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Cellular Respiration

• The process by which mitochondria break down
  glucose to make ATP
• In order for our bodies to use the energy, the
  food must be broken down into a usable form
• What is the usable form of energy?
• What type of process breaks down molecules?

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Cellular Respiration
Cellular Energy

• The Stages of Cellular Respiration Cellular
  respiration has two stages.

• Glycolysis The first stage of cellular
  respiration is called glycolysis.

• Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration The second
  stage of cellular respiration is either aerobic
  respiration (in the presence of oxygen) or
  anaerobic respiration (in the absence of oxygen).
  A large amount of ATP is made during aerobic
  respiration. NAD is recycled during the
  anaerobic process of fermentation.

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Cellular Respiration
Stage One Breakdown of Glucose

• Glycolysis Glucose is broken down to pyruvate
  during glycolysis, making some ATP.

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Cellular Respiration
Stage Two Production of ATP

• Krebs Cycle The Krebs cycle is a series of
  reactions that produce energy-storing molecules
  during aerobic respiration.
• Electron Transport Chain During aerobic
  respiration, large amounts of ATP are made in an
  electron transport chain.

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Cellular Respiration
Fermentation in the Absence of Oxygen

• Fermentation When oxygen is not present,
  fermentation follows glycolysis, regenerating
  NAD needed for glycolysis to continue.
• Lactic Acid Fermentation In lactic acid
  fermentation, pyruvate is converted to lactate.

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Cellular Respiration

• Cellular Respiration is a metabolic process like
  burning fuel
• Releases much of the energy in food to make ATP
• This ATP provides cells with the energy they need
  to carry out the activities of life.
• C6H12O6O2 CO2 H2O ATP

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Review

• When oxygen is present most the ATP made in
  cellular respiration is produced by
• A. aerobic respiration
• B. Glycolysis
• C. alcoholic fermentation
• D. Lactic acid fermentation.