World Geography

1
World Geography

• More than Map Coloring

2
Our Text Book

• Consists of 10 units
• Each unit introduces a new topic and or region of
  the world
• Consists of 32 chapters
• Each chapter breaks the unit into a unique topic
  concerning the region.

3
Typical Unit Breakdown

• Introduction of the Region
• Physical Geography
• Human Geography
• Todays Issues

4
Introduction of the Unit

• What section of our World are we about to study.
• What is unique about this area of the World.

5
Physical Geography

• Looking at the Earth
• Five Themes of Geography
• The Geographers Tools
• A Living Planet
• The earth Inside and Out
• Bodies of Water and Landforms
• Internal and External Forces shaping the Earth
• Climate and Vegetation
• Seasons and weather
• Climate
• World Climate Regions
• Soils and Vegetation

6
Human Geography

• People and Places
• The elements of Culture
• Population Geography
• Political Geography
• Urban Geography
• Economic Geography

7
Theme Human-Environment Interaction

• The question How do people relate to the
  physical world? refers to the relation between
  humans and the environment.

8
Todays Issues

• Will be Regionally Specific
• For the United States and Canada
• Terrorism
• Urban Sprawl
• Diverse Societies
• For Latin America
• Rain Forest Resources
• Citizens a Voice
• Income Gap

9
Todays Issues Continued

• For Europe
• Turmoil in the Balkans
• Cleaning Up Europe
• For Russia
• Regional Conflicts
• Struggle for Economic Reform
• For Africa
• Economical Development
• Health Care

10
Todays Issues Continued

• For Southwest Asia
• Population Relocation
• Oil Wealth Fuels Change
• For South Asia
• Population Explosion
• Living with Extreme Weather
• For East Asia
• The Ring of Fire
• Trade and Prosperity

11
Todays Issues Continued

• For Southeast Asia, Oceania, and Antarctica
• Aboriginal Land Claims
• Industrialization Sparks Change

12
Chapter 1 Section 1
13
Five Themes of Geography

• Location
• Where is it?
• Place
• What is it?
• Region
• How are places similar or different?
• Movement
• How do people, goods, and ideas move from one
  location to another?
• Human-Environment Interaction
• How do people relate to the physical world?

14
How are the Five themes of Geography a part of
your everyday lives?

• Your school has a location as well as your home,
  and movement is required to get from one location
  to the other.

15
What tools and methods are used by a geographers?

• Maps
• Photographs
• Scale Models
• Five Themes of Geography

16
Theme Location

• Where is it?
• Absolute location
• To describe absolute location, geographers use
  the grid system of imaginary lines precise
  locating places on the earth surface.
• Relative location
• Describes a place in comparison to other places
  around it.

17
What is the difference between absolute and
relative location?

• Absolute location is the exact place of a
  geographic feature. Relative location describes a
  features location in relation to its
  surroundings.

18
How is the absolute location of a place described?

• Absolute location your homes physical address,
  this schools physical address, the Latitude and
  Longitude location of a city on map.

19
How is the relative location of a place described?

• Relative location Pearland is located about 20
  miles south of Downtown Houston, Located next to
  the Ninth Grade Center is Pearland Jr. High South.

20
Theme Place

• The question could be asked What is it like?
  when referring to the place. Place includes the
  physical features and cultural characteristics of
  a location.

21
Place

• All locations have physical features that are
  unique
• Climate
• Landforms
• Vegetation
• Human interaction with the environment
• Building of roads and dams and houses.

22
What does the theme of Place refer to?

• The physical and cultural features of a location.

23
Theme Regions

• The question How are places similar or
  different? refers to a region.
• A region is an area of the earths surface with
  similar characteristics.
• Regions have more than one characteristics that
  unifies them
• Physical
• Political
• Economic
• Cultural

24
What is a region?

• An area on the earths surface with similar
  characteristics.

25
How do formal, functional, and perceptual regions
differ?

• A formal region is based on the related
  characteristics, a functional region on
  connections between places, and perceptual region
  on peoples perception of an area.

26
Formal region

• The United States and Canada
• Latin America
• Europe
• Russia and the Republics
• Africa

• Southwest Asia
• South Asia
• East Asia
• Southeast Asia, Oceania, and Antarctica.

27
Functional Regions

• Usually a functional region is characterized by a
  hub, or central place, and links to that central
  place.
• For example, a city and its suburbs may form a
  functional region.

28
Perceptual Region

• A region in which people perceive, or see, the
  characteristics of a region in the same way.
• The set of characteristics may not be precisely
  the same for all
• America Midwest for some the people believe that
  the region begins in Ohio, for others the region
  begins in the middle of Illinois.

29
What are some examples of the positive and
negative effects of people altering the
environment?

• Positive
• Makes places safer
• Makes places more livable
• Negative
• Pollutes
• Destroys natural beauty.

30
Theme Movement

• The question How do people, goods, and ideas
  move from one location to another? refers to
  movement.

31
Across the world, people make important choices
based on linear distance, time distance, and
psychological distance.
32
Linear Distance

• Simply refers to how far across the earth a
  person, an idea, or product travels.

33
Time Distance

• Is the amount of time it takes a person, an idea,
  or product to travel.

34
Psychological Distance

• Refers to the way people view distance. When you
  are younger, some locations seam very far away
  (are we there yet?). As you grew older, the
  distance to these locations probably seam to
  shrink

35
Chapter 1 Section 2
36
Geographers Tools

• Maps and Globes
• Globes A three-dimensional representation of
  the earth
• Provides a representational view of the earth as
  it travels thru space.
• Not very practical because they are not easily
  portable and you can only see half of the globe
  at a time.
• Maps- which are a two-dimensional representation
  of selected parts of the earths surface.

37
Types of MAPS

• General reference maps
• Thematic maps
• Navigational maps

38
The Science of Mapmaking

• First step is to determine the use of the map. A
  cartographer keeping that purpose in mind will
  determine the detail required for the map.

39
Surveying

• First Step
• Observe
• Measure
• Record data
• Data gathered includes information such as
  elevation, differences in land cover, and
  variations in temperature.

40
Cartographers rely on

• Satellites
• Landsat A series of satellites that orbit more
  than 100 miles above Earth. Each time a
  satellite makes an orbit, it picks up data in an
  115 miles wide . Landsat can scan the entire
  Earth in 16 days.
• GOES Geostationary Operational Environment
  Satellite This satellite flies in orbit in sync
  with the Earths rotation. By ding so it always
  views the same area. It gathers images of
  atmospheric conditions that are useful in
  forecasting the weather.

41
Cartographers rely on contd

• Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
• The newest tool
• Stores information about the world in a digital
  database.
• Information could include maps, aerial
  photographs, satellite images, or other data.
• Global Positioning System (GPS)
• Originally developed for the military forces.
• Uses a series of 24 satellites called Navstars,
  which beam information to the earth..

42
Reading a Map

• Title Explains the subject
• Compass Rose Shows the direction North is on the
  map.
• Labels Explain the features of the map.
• Legend Explains the symbols and the use of color
  on the map.
• Lines of Latitude Imaginary lines that measure
  distance north or south of the equator. Latitude
  goes around the earth.
• Lines of Longitude Imaginary lines that measure
  the distance east or west of the prime meridian.
  Longitude goes over the earth.
• Scale ratio between unit of length on the map
  and a unit of distance on the earth.
• Symbols Represent items of interest on the map.
• Colors Represent a variety of information on a
  map.

43
Projections

• Planar Projections
• Conical Projections
• Comprise Projections
• Mercator
• Homolosine
• Robinson

44
Different Types of Maps

• Physical Maps
• Political Maps
• Thematic Maps
• Qualitative Maps
• Cartograms
• Flow-line Maps