PROSTATE CANCER

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PROSTATE CANCER

• Carita Bird
• NUR 114
• Region A Nursing Consortium

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• Prostate Cancer a cancer that occurs in a mans
  prostate ( a small, walnut shaped gland) that
  produces the seminal fluid that nourishes and
  transports the sperm.

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• One of the most common types of cancer
• Usually slow growing
• May remain confined to the prostate initially
• There is also a very aggressive type
• Earlier the detection the better the outcome

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SYMPTOMS

• May be none in the early stages
• Trouble urinating
• Decrease force in the stream of urine
• Blood in the urine
• Blood in the semen
• Swelling in the legs
• Discomfort (heaviness) in the pelvic area
• Bone pain

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When to See the Doctor

• When any of the symptoms appear
• If there is a family history
• At age 50

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RISK FACTORS

• Older age
• Being African American
• Family history
• Obesity

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Complications of cancer and its treatment

• Metastasis
• Incontinence
• Erectile dysfunction

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Health Care Providers

• Family physician or internist
• Urologist
• Oncologist
• Radiation oncologist
• Clinical Nurse Specialist

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Preparing for Appointments

• Teach patients about pre-appointment restrictions
• Write down the symptoms experienced including
  those that may be unrelated
• Write down key personal information
• Make a list of all medications
• Take a second set of ears
• Write down questions to ask

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TESTS AND PROCEDURES

• Digital Rectal Exam (DRE)
• Prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
• Ultrasound
• Biopsy
• Gleason Score
• Bone scan
• CT scan
• MRI

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STAGING

• Stage I
• Stage II
• Stage III
• Stage IV

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TREATMENT AND DRUGS

• Wait and watch
• Radiation Therapy
• Hormone therapy
• Surgery
• Freezing prostate tissue
• Heating prostate tissue
• Chemotherapy

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RADITION THERAPY

• External beam radiation
• Brachytherapy

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HORMONE THERAPY

• Leuteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist
  (LH-RH)
• leuprolide
• goserelin
• triptorelin
• histrelin
• degarelix
• Anti-androgen
• bicalutamide
• flutamide
• nilutamide

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SURGERY

• Orchiectomy
• Radical Prostatectomy
• Cryosurgery
• High-Intensity focused ultrasound (being
  researched)

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chemotherapy

• Not used as commonly as radiation in the
  treatment of prostate cancer

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ALTERNATE THERAPY

• Not known for cure
• Acupuncture
• Herbal therapy
• Very useful in coping with side effect of
  treatment
• Art therapy
• Movement therapy
• Meditation
• Music therapy
• Relaxation techniques
• Spirituality

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COPING AND SUPPORT

• Learn about the cancer and treatment options
• Keep your friends and family close
• Support groups
• Take care of yourself
• Continue sexual expression

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PREVENTION

• Choose a healthy diet full of fruits and
  vegetables
• Choose healthy foods over supplements
• Exercise most days of the week
• Maintain a healthy weight
• Talk to a physician if there are concerns