Title: Tropical Rainforest Ecology
1Tropical Rainforest Ecology
2Rainforest Mammals Monkeys
- Capuchin most commonly seen monkey medium size
brown to black body pale face surrounded by
whitish fur move in troops eat fruits, leaves,
arthropods, sometimes small mammals
3Rainforest Mammals Monkeys
- Spider large size but very slender brown to
black body pale face surrounded by whitish fur
long prehensile tail move in troops eat fruits
leaves brachiation
4Rainforest Mammals Monkeys
- Mantled howler large robust size black body
w/tan on sides and back bearded face prehensile
tail loud voice _at_ dusk dawn primarily eat
leaves prefers canopy
5Rainforest Mammals Monkeys
- Geoffreys tamarin small and squirrel-like
long tail not prehensile like forest gaps eat
insects fruits red nape highly patterned
body often have twins
6Rainforest MammalsMonkeys
- C.A. Squirrel endangered species smaller size
w/extremely long black-tipped tail white mask
and ears very active fruit eater - Night monkeys entirely nocturnal tail not
prehensile
7Rainforest Mammals Rodents
- Agouti diurnal large guinea pig-like
tailless sit upright to eat seeds
8Rainforest Mammals Rodents
- Paca nocturnal near water like large agouti
w/white stripes
9Rainforest MammalsRodents
- Capybara diurnal largest rodent in the world
aquatic feeds on aquatic vegetation - Spiny rat nocturnal spines in fur on forest
floor - variegated squirrel
- arboreal
10Rainforest Mammals Peccaries
- Collared smaller size and herds pig-like
collar of hair at shoulderroots for food - White-lipped larger size and herd white hair
around mouth eats larger hardened fruits (e.g.
palm fruits)
11Rainforest Mammals
- Bairds tapir odd-toed ungulate almost
hairless long proboscis eat only vegetable
matter most active at night -
12Rainforest Mammals
- Anteaters sharp curved claws long sticky
tongue long snout - Northern tamandua prehensile tail
- Giant anteater - large size bushy tail
13Rainforest Mammals
- Three-toed sloth
- two-toed sloth
14Rainforest Mammals Raccoons Relatives
- Northern raccoon longer pelage lighter feet
and legs - Crab-eating raccoon shorter pelage darker feet
and legs - White-nosed Coati highly pointed nose holds
faintly ringed tail straight up omnivorous
15Rainforest Mammals Raccoons Relatives
- Kinkajou already discussed
- Olingo faintly ringed tail, not prehensile
16Rainforest Mammals Weasel Relatives
- Tayra black bushy tail
- Grison black face w/white stripe across
forehead and ears carnivore
17Rainforest MammalsCats
- Jaguar Ocelot
- Margay small nocturnal spotted cat climber
carnivorous - Jaguarundi diurnal common not a climber not
spotted
18Rainforest Mammals Opposums
- descent diversity exists in this group of
marsupials due to adaptive radiation - Virginia, woolly, mouse, four-eyed, short
bare-tailed, water opposums
19Rainforest ReptilesPitvipers
- All are poisonous
- Tend to be secretive and nocturnal
- Not frequently encountered
- Pits for detecting warm-blooded prey
- Retractable fangs to deliver venom
- Slit pupils
- Many non-poisonous snakes in the neotropics will
mimic pitvipers, so always err on the side of
caution
20Rainforest ReptilesPitvipers
- Fer-de-lance large (4-8 ft.) arrowhead-shaped
head tan w/dark brown diamond pattern tend to
hunt _at_ night extremely poisonous
21Rainforest ReptilesPitvipers
- Eyelash palm-pitviper eye scales highly
variable in color arboreal prehensile tail
feeds on tree frogs, anoles hummingbirds
22Rainforest ReptilesPitvipers
- Jumping pitviper short thick alleged to hurl
itself when threatened venom not as potent as
most
23Rainforest ReptilesPitvipers
- Bushmaster largest pitviper in the world,
6.5-14 ft. often coil at bases of large trees
typically nocturnal
24Rainforest ReptilesCoral Snakes
- Poisonous
- Brightly colored red, yellow, black bands
- Small fangs to chew in venom
- Neurotoxic venom
- Round pupils
- Active both day night
25Rainforest ReptilesBoas
- Non-poisonous
- Constrictors
- Elongated heads
- Boa constrictor larger (5-6 ft.)
- Rainbow boa smaller (3 ft.)
26Rainforest ReptilesOther Non-poisonous Snakes
- Vine snakes very thin feed on lizards
- Indigo snake up to 10 ft. long gloss black
27Rainforest ReptilesOther Non-poisonous Snakes
- Chunk-headed snake extremely thin w/big head
eyes arboreal
28Rainforest ReptilesLizards
- Iguanas large common (already discussed)
- Anoles small sharply pointed nose
- Basilisk (JC lizard) common run fast up on
hind legs
29Rainforest ReptilesLizards
- Tegus some of largest lizards in neotropics
eat small animals (chickens) - - common, northern, red species
30Rainforest ReptilesLizards
- Geckos small, suction cup toes extremely
common, arthropod eaters
31Rainforest AmphibiansFrogs
- Tree frogs small arboreal have suction cup
toes some camouflaged, some brightly colored - - Gaudy leaf frog one of most well known
species
32Rainforest AmphibiansFrogs
33Rainforest AmphibiansFrogs
- Glass tree frog
- Giant cane toad
- Smokey frog
34Rainforest InvertebratesInsects
- Termites social form massive colonies on
trees mutualism with protozoa - Army ants already discussed
35Rainforest InvertebratesInsects
- Giant tropical ant (bullet ant) tend to be
solitary both terrestrial arboreal extremely
potent sting
36Rainforest InvertebratesInsects
- Giant tropical cockroach very large nocturnal
common near bat guano
37Rainforest InvertebratesInsects
- Harlequin beetle very large w/long antennae
wood borer
38Rainforest InvertebratesInsects
- Rhinoceros beetle very large males w/long
horn wood-feeding grub
39Rainforest InvertebratesInsects
- Lantern fly very large plant sap feeder
multiple defense mechanisms
40Rainforest InvertebratesInsects
- Owl butterfly
- Black witch moth
41Rainforest InvertebratesInsects
- Blue morpho
- Butterfly congregations at liquids
42Rainforest InvertebratesOther Arthropods
- Forest floor millipede non-poisonous
herbivore repugnatorial glands - Peripatus velvet worms non-poisonous
capture prey w/glue
43Rainforest VertebratesBirds
- Oilbirds nocturnal cave dweller
- Tinamou
44Rainforest VertebratesBirds
- Chachalaca
- Guan
- Curassow -
45Rainforest VertebratesBirds