OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINSTRATION

1
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINSTRATION

• This is a branch of the US Department of Labor,
  responsible for protecting the health and safety
  of workers in private and some public facilities

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STANDARD PRECAUTIONS

• Blood and body fluids from ALL patients must be
  treated as though potentially infectious
• Introduced by the CDC (Center of Disease Control)
  in 1983
• Mandated under OSHAs Bloodborne Pathogens
  Standard

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RECOMMEDED FOR STUDENT PROTECTION

• Educate regarding exposure and means of
  protection
• Provision of PPE (Personal Protective Equipment)
• Provisions for Hepatitis B Vaccine

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What is Bloodborne Pathogens

• Organisms that cause bloodborne disease may be
  transmitted by blood or other body fluids from an
  infected individual to another person
• Most significant in the Health Care area
• Hepatitis B and C
• HIV
• Others, syphilis, malaria

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Personal Protective Equipment

• Appropriate only if it does not allow blood or
  other fluids pass through.
• This means by any means, clothes, undergarments,
  skin, eyes, mouth etc.
• Under normal conditions

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EXAMPLES OF PPE

• Gloves, gown, mask, eye wear, respirator

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OTHER MEANS OF PROTECTION

• FDA approved Antiseptics ( CHG, Alcohols,
  Iodophors
• Avoid hand to face contact
• Cover specimen lids, open away from self
• Coughing patients should turn head
• Dont eat, drink, apply makeup or handle contact
  lens in the work area
• Separate employee food and drink form specimens

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Observe the Biohazard Sign
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Task that should have a label

• Specimens
• Laundry bags
• Contaminated equipment
• Refrigerators with specimens in it
• Containers used to transport blood products or
  specimens
• Extracted teeth
• Sharps container

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Task where exposure could happen

• Wound care
• Personal care
• Suctioning a patient
• Catheter care
• IM/Sub Q or IV
• CPR
• Emergency first aid
• Surgery
• Post Mortem/Morgue Care
• Others------

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OUR CONCERNSModes of Transmission

• Vaginal, Oral, Anal sex
• Sharing needles (drugs)
• Contaminated blood products
• Sharing personal care items (razor, toothbrushes
  etc)
• Tattoos, body piercing, acupuncture with infected
  equipment
• Neonatal infections during child birth
• Skin, eye, mucous membrane, parenteral contact
• Breast milk

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Fluids that apply

• Blood
• Semen
• Vaginal Secretions
• Unfixed Tissue
• Contaminated organs
• Other body fluids that you cannot differentiate
  between
• NOT Salvia

13
HIVHuman Immunodefiencey Virus

• The virus that CAUSES AIDS (explain the
  difference)
• S/S Unexplained persistent fatigue
• Unexplained fever, night sweats or shaking
• Chills lasting several weeks
• Lymphedema
• Anorexia
• Dry cough thats persistent
• Leukoplakia

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HBV and HCV

• Fatigue
• Anorexia (loss of appetite)
• Weight loss
• Low grade temp
• Aching muscles and joint pain
• Stomach pain
• Diarrhea
• Jaundice of skin and sclera
• Dark colored urine
• Light colored stool

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HEPATITIS B VACCINE

• For immunization, must have all 3 injections
  given over 4-6 month period time
• Given in deltoid, IM
• Side Effects soreness at site, bruising, redness
  at site, flu like symptoms. (headache, nausea,
  vomiting)

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DISINFECTANT

• Cleans surface or equipment.
• Most effective and least expensive, 10 Bleach or
  Clorox
• Must be mixed every day