Wireless Application Protocol and i-Mode

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Wireless Application Protocol and i-Mode
By Sridevi Madduri Swetha Kucherlapati Sharrmila
Jeyachandran
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Presentation Outline

• Motivation
• Introduction to WAP
• WAP Architecture
• Introduction to i-Mode
• i-Mode Architecture
• WAP Versus i-Mode
• Conclusion

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Motivation

• The need to access the Internet Content with
  handheld devices from anywhere
• Characteristics of handheld devices
• - Weak CPU
• - Limited memory
• - Limited battery power
• - Limited user I/O

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Introduction to WAP

• Gateway to a new world of mobile data
• Universal standard which enables users to easily
  access Web based interactive information services
  and applications from the screens of their mobile
  phones
• WAP Forum Initial proposals came from Ericsson,
  Nokia and Phone.com.
• WAP can work over several wireless technologies
• WAP stack can operate on various mobile devices
  with different operating system.

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Introduction to WAP contd

• Client application is a micro-browser
• Uses Wireless Markup Language
• Information is organized as decks and cards
• XHTML Mobile Profile (XHTMLMB) replaces WML in
  WAP 2.0
• Commerce, finance , entertainment and messaging
  applications are the most widely used services.

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WAP Architecture
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WAP Architecture contd

• WAP Gateway provides the following functions
• - translate WAP protocols to web protocols
• - encode WAP content into a compact for
  radio transfer and decode compact content
  transmitted over radio
• - manage user profiles (client capabilities
  and user preferences)

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WAP protocol architecture

• Wireless Application Environment (WAE)
  Application level services, tools and languages
  for content handling
• Wireless Session protocol (WSP)
  connection-oriented and connectionless sessions
• Wireless Transaction Protocol (WTP) reliable
  connection and transaction oriented services ,
  flow control, retransmissions
• Wireless Transport Layer Security (WTLS)
  privacy, integrity, authentication and end-to-end
  security
• Wireless Datagram Protocol (WDP) common
  interface to physical bearers

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Introduction to i-Mode

• Japans leading cellular phone operator NTTDocoMo
  launched
• i-Mode in 1999
• i-Mode is a packet-switched mobile phone service,
  which offers continuous , always-on internet
  access
• i-Mode uses Personal Digital Cellular Packet
  (PDC-P) bearer
• Client application is a micro-browser
• i-Mode enabled websites use compact HTML (cHTML),
  a subset of HTML4.0
• Simple entertainment represents more than 75 of
  the
• traffic followed by email and news.

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i-Mode Communication Model
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i-Mode Architecture
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i-Mode Protocol Architecture

• Transport Layer protocol (TLP) Improved
  efficiency in PDC-P network over TCP, no 3-way
  handshake
• Application Layer Protocol (ALP) supports both
  pull and push style communication, direct
  communication between mobile phone and i-Mode
  server
• User Information Transfer Protocol (UITP) sends
  subscriber information from PDP-C network to
  i-Mode server
• Network Management Protocol (NWMP) perform
  signaling (start/end of communication)

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WAP and i-Mode Features

• Open specification for content handling in
  wireless networks
• Site based on WML
• 39 of worlds wireless internet users
• Usually used over circuit switched connections
• Services business-oriented, work-oriented
• Anyone can produce contents, content menus

• Wireless internet service
• Sites based on cHTML
• 60 of worlds wireless internet users
• Usually used over packet-switched networks
• Services user-oriented, fun-oriented
• Anyone can produce content , DoCoMo operates
  content menus

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Conclusion

• WAP is an open specification developed by a
  consortium
• i-Mode is a service developed by NTTDoCoMo
• 3G services (FOMA) are currently provide for
  i-Mode users
• WAP 2.0 is a step toward integrating previous
  releases of WAP and i-Mode.

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Questions

• How Secure is WAP ?
• WTLS protocol / client WAP gateway
• SSL / web server and WAP gateway
• Security parameters to protect the session (like
  encryption protocols, signature algorithms,
  public keys)
• Keys negotiated periodically
• Client and Server authentication using
  certificates, secure exchange of keys ,
  encryption of data, digital signing.

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Questions contd

• Does i-mode support JAVA ?
• i-appli service that provides a integrated
  platform for appl programs written in java for
  i-mode capable phones.
• KVM

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Questions contd

• What security measures are implemented in i-mode?
• SSL/TLS protocol provides server authentication
  and i-mode devices have certificates
  pre-installed
• Confidentiality and integrity of application data
  is guaranteed
• Client authentication via applications specific
  means

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Questions contd

• Are browsers like IE and Netscape supported by
  i-mode? If not why? What is the remedy?
• Micro-browsers
• Low memory and bandwidth capacities
• Can WAP and i-Mode Co-exist?
• Yes

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• THANK YOU